Ðrama work centered on a mystery bag

This section of our drama work centred on a mystery bag, we made various scenes and sketches about it, this acted as preparation for our final piece. Our first lessons work with the bag was brainstorming its possible owners, uses and just using imagination to create some sense of mystery about the bag. When then, in subsequent lessons had to create short plays about possible owners and uses of the bag, and also how it had come to different people. Among these one of the plays I performed was of a lawyer, losing the bag containing all of his important papers etc, for this short scene we had to find and bring in a piece of music to accompany it. Another thing we did that incorporated the bag was a set of five still images depicting an action scene that focused on the bag, for this we also used music to help create a certain atmosphere. All of this work was groundwork for our final piece, our guidelines were as follows: Make a five – ten minute play about the bag that incorporates a piece of music and one or more drama conventions. In planning our play we brainstormed and developed different ideas, and then picked the one we thought that we could act out best and the one that could be developed most. The idea that we chose was one that had already been discussed in class, but not been looked into any real detail. Here is a brief description of our play: Beginning: A museum with a guide showing visitors around the old artefacts and treasures, they come across the old wreckage of the Isabella II ship, the guide tells of how the ship sunk, they then move to watch a short video of how this happened. Middle: We act out the video of how the ship didn't sink accidentally, and how really the ships captain and his conspirators sank it on purpose in order to gain the insurance money. Ending: We come back to the museum and the guide finishes things off by showing the visitors the captain's bag that carried the plans and blueprints. We soon came across a problem in making our play; we only had three people in our group but over 10 characters (some only extras). We managed to overcome this by using different props and costume to distinguish between the people. Another setback that we came to in making our play was trying to act out being on a ship etc without having a great deal of furniture etc with which to make our set. I think that our final performance went quite well, our only problem was improvising with being on a stage, we hadn't practised like that, so we had to adapt, but other then that it went well. The audience seemed to think that it was ok, no one boo-ed and we got clapped at the end. I think its possible that if we did the play again then we could improve it; spacial awareness and positioning could have been better, but other then that I think our play was good. All in all I think that our performance was done to an adequate level and I was quite happy with it.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Seventy

Jon The mare whickered softly as Jon Snow tightened the cinch. â€Å"Easy, sweet lady,† he said in a soft voice, quieting her with a touch. Wind whispered through the stable, a cold dead breath on his face, but Jon paid it no mind. He strapped his roll to the saddle, his scarred fingers stiff and clumsy. â€Å"Ghost,† he called softly, â€Å"to me.† And the wolf was there, eyes like embers. â€Å"Jon, please. You must not do this.† He mounted, the reins in his hand, and wheeled the horse around to face the night. Samwell Tarly stood in the stable door, a full moon peering over his shoulder. He threw a giant's shadow, immense and black. â€Å"Get out of my way, Sam.† â€Å"Jon, you can't,† Sam said. â€Å"I won't let you.† â€Å"I would sooner not hurt you,† Jon told him. â€Å"Move aside, Sam, or I'll ride you down.† â€Å"You won't. You have to listen to me. Please . . . â€Å" Jon put his spurs to horseflesh, and the mare bolted for the door. For an instant Sam stood his ground, his face as round and pale as the moon behind him, his mouth a widening O of surprise. At the last moment, when they were almost on him, he jumped aside as Jon had known he would, stumbled, and fell. The mare leapt over him, out into the night. Jon raised the hood of his heavy cloak and gave the horse her head. Castle Black was silent and still as he rode out, with Ghost racing at his side. Men watched from the Wall behind him, he knew, but their eyes were turned north, not south. No one would see him go, no one but Sam Tarly, struggling back to his feet in the dust of the old stables. He hoped Sam hadn't hurt himself, falling like that. He was so heavy and so ungainly, it would be just like him to break a wrist or twist his ankle getting out of the way. â€Å"I warned him,† Jon said aloud. â€Å"It was nothing to do with him, anyway.† He flexed his burned hand as he rode, opening and closing the scarred fingers. They still pained him, but it felt good to have the wrappings off. Moonlight silvered the hills as he followed the twisting ribbon of the kingsroad. He needed to get as far from the Wall as he could before they realized he was gone. On the morrow he would leave the road and strike out overland through field and bush and stream to throw off pursuit, but for the moment speed was more important than deception. It was not as though they would not guess where he was going. The Old Bear was accustomed to rise at first light, so Jon had until dawn to put as many leagues as he could between him and the Wall . . . if Sam Tarly did not betray him. The fat boy was dutiful and easily frightened, but he loved Jon like a brother. If questioned, Sam would doubtless tell them the truth, but Jon could not imagine him braving the guards in front of the King's Tower to wake Mormont from sleep. When Jon did not appear to fetch the Old Bear's breakfast from the kitchen, they'd look in his cell and find Longclaw on the bed. It had been hard to abandon it, but Jon was not so lost to honor as to take it with him. Even Jorah Mormont had not done that, when he fled in disgrace. Doubtless Lord Mormont would find someone more worthy of the blade. Jon felt bad when he thought of the old man. He knew his desertion would be salt in the still-raw wound of his son's disgrace. That seemed a poor way to repay him for his trust, but it couldn't be helped. No matter what he did, Jon felt as though he were betraying someone. Even now, he did not know if he was doing the honorable thing. The southron had it easier. They had their septons to talk to, someone to tell them the gods' will and help sort out right from wrong. But the Starks worshiped the old gods, the nameless gods, and if the heart trees heard, they did not speak. When the last lights of Castle Black vanished behind him, Jon slowed his mare to a walk. He had a long journey ahead and only the one horse to see him through. There were holdfasts and farming villages along the road south where he might be able to trade the mare for a fresh mount when he needed one, but not if she were injured or blown. He would need to find new clothes soon; most like, he'd need to steal them. He was clad in black from head to heel; high leather riding boots, roughspun breeches and tunic, sleeveless leather jerkin, and heavy wool cloak. His longsword and dagger were sheathed in black moleskin, and the hauberk and coif in his saddlebag were black ringmail. Any bit of it could mean his death if he were taken. A stranger wearing black was viewed with cold suspicion in every village and holdfast north of the Neck, and men would soon be watching for him. Once Maester Aemon's ravens took flight, Jon knew he would find no safe haven. Not even at Winterfell. Bran might want to let him in, but Maester Luwin had better sense. He would bar the gates and send Jon away, as he should. Better not to call there at all. Yet he saw the castle clear in his mind's eye, as if he had left it only yesterday; the towering granite walls, the Great Hall with its smells of smoke and dog and roasting meat, his father's solar, the turret room where he had slept. Part of him wanted nothing so much as to hear Bran laugh again, to sup on one of Gage's beef-and-bacon pies, to listen to Old Nan tell her tales of the children of the forest and Florian the Fool. But he had not left the Wall for that; he had left because he was after all his father's son, and Robb's brother. The gift of a sword, even a sword as fine as Longclaw, did not make him a Mormont. Nor was he Aemon Targaryen. Three times the old man had chosen, and three times he had chosen honor, but that was him. Even now, Jon could not decide whether the maester had stayed because he was weak and craven, or because he was strong and true. Yet he understood what the old man had meant, about the pain of choosing; he understood that all too well. Tyrion Lannister had claimed that most men would rather deny a hard truth than face it, but Jon was done with denials. He was who he was; Jon Snow, bastard and oathbreaker, motherless, friendless, and damned. For the rest of his life—however long that might be—he would be condemned to be an outsider, the silent man standing in the shadows who dares not speak his true name. Wherever he might go throughout the Seven Kingdoms, he would need to live a lie, lest every man's hand be raised against him. But it made no matter, so long as he lived long enough to take his place by his brother's side and help avenge his father. He remembered Robb as he had last seen him, standing in the yard with snow melting in his auburn hair. Jon would have to come to him in secret, disguised. He tried to imagine the look on Robb's face when he revealed himself. His brother would shake his head and smile, and he'd say . . . he'd say . . . He could not see the smile. Hard as he tried, he could not see it. He found himself thinking of the deserter his father had beheaded the day they'd found the direwolves. â€Å"You said the words,† Lord Eddard had told him. â€Å"You took a vow, before your brothers, before the old gods and the new.† Desmond and Fat Tom had dragged the man to the stump. Bran's eyes had been wide as saucers, and Jon had to remind him to keep his pony in hand. He remembered the look on Father's face when Theon Greyjoy brought forth Ice, the spray of blood on the snow, the way Theon had kicked the head when it came rolling at his feet. He wondered what Lord Eddard might have done if the deserter had been his brother Benjen instead of that ragged stranger. Would it have been any different? It must, surely, surely . . . and Robb would welcome him, for a certainty. He had to, or else . . . It did not bear thinking about. Pain throbbed, deep in his fingers, as he clutched the reins. Jon put his heels into his horse and broke into a gallop, racing down the kingsroad, as if to outrun his doubts. Jon was not afraid of death, but he did not want to die like that, trussed and bound and beheaded like a common brigand. If he must perish, let it be with a sword in his hand, fighting his father's killers. He was no true Stark, had never been one . . . but he could die like one. Let them say that Eddard Stark had fathered four sons, not three. Ghost kept pace with them for almost half a mile, red tongue lolling from his mouth. Man and horse alike lowered their heads as he asked the mare for more speed. The wolf slowed, stopped, watching, his eyes glowing red in the moonlight. He vanished behind, but Jon knew he would follow, at his own pace. Scattered lights flickered through the trees ahead of him, on both sides of the road: Mole's Town. A dog barked as he rode through, and he heard a mule's raucous haw from the stable, but otherwise the village was still. Here and there the glow of hearth fires shone through shuttered windows, leaking between wooden slats, but only a few. Mole's Town was bigger than it seemed, but three quarters of it was under the ground, in deep warm cellars connected by a maze of tunnels. Even the whorehouse was down there, nothing on the surface but a wooden shack no bigger than a privy, with a red lantern hung over the door. On the Wall, he'd heard men call the whores â€Å"buried treasures.† He wondered whether any of his brothers in black were down there tonight, mining. That was oathbreaking too, yet no one seemed to care. Not until he was well beyond the village did Jon slow again. By then both he and the mare were damp with sweat. He dismounted, shivering, his burned hand aching. A bank of melting snow lay under the trees, bright in the moonlight, water trickling off to form small shallow pools. Jon squatted and brought his hands together, cupping the runoff between his fingers. The snowmelt was icy cold. He drank, and splashed some on his face, until his cheeks tingled. His fingers were throbbing worse than they had in days, and his head was pounding too. I am doing the right thing, he told himself, so why do I feel so bad? The horse was well lathered, so Jon took the lead and walked her for a while. The road was scarcely wide enough for two riders to pass abreast, its surface cut by tiny streams and littered with stone. That run had been truly stupid, an invitation to a broken neck. Jon wondered what had gotten into him. Was he in such a great rush to die? Off in the trees, the distant scream of some frightened animal made him look up. His mare whinnied nervously. Had his wolf found some prey? He cupped his hands around his mouth. â€Å"Ghost!† he shouted. â€Å"Ghost, to me.† The only answer was a rush of wings behind him as an owl took flight. Frowning, Jon continued on his way. He led the mare for half an hour, until she was dry. Ghost did not appear. Jon wanted to mount up and ride again, but he was concerned about his missing wolf. â€Å"Ghost,† he called again. â€Å"Where are you? To me! Ghost!† Nothing in these woods could trouble a direwolf, even a half-grown direwolf, unless . . . no, Ghost was too smart to attack a bear, and if there was a wolf pack anywhere close Jon would have surely heard them howling. He should eat, he decided. Food would settle his stomach and give Ghost the chance to catch up. There was no danger yet; Castle Black still slept. In his saddlebag, he found a biscuit, a piece of cheese, and a small withered brown apple. He'd brought salt beef as well, and a rasher of bacon he'd filched from the kitchens, but he would save the meat for the morrow. After it was gone he'd need to hunt, and that would slow him. Jon sat under the trees and ate his biscuit and cheese while his mare grazed along the kingsroad. He kept the apple for last. It had gone a little soft, but the flesh was still tart and juicy. He was down to the core when he heard the sounds: horses, and from the north. Quickly Jon leapt up and strode to his mare. Could he outrun them? No, they were too close, they'd hear him for a certainty, and if they were from Castle Black . . . He led the mare off the road, behind a thick stand of grey-green sentinels. â€Å"Ouiet now,† he said in a hushed voice, crouching down to peer through the branches. If the gods were kind, the riders would pass by. Likely as not, they were only smallfolk from Mole's Town, farmers on their way to their fields, although what they were doing out in the middle of the night . . . He listened to the sound of hooves growing steadily louder as they trotted briskly down the kingsroad. From the sound, there were five or six of them at the least. Their voices drifted through the trees. † . . . certain he came this way?† â€Å"We can't be certain.† â€Å"He could have ridden east, for all you know. Or left the road to cut through the woods. That's what I'd do.† â€Å"In the dark? Stupid. If you didn't fall off your horse and break your neck, you'd get lost and wind up back at the Wall when the sun came up.† â€Å"I would not.† Grenn sounded peeved. â€Å"I'd just ride south, you can tell south by the stars.† â€Å"What if the sky was cloudy?† Pyp asked. â€Å"Then I wouldn't go.† Another voice broke in. â€Å"You know where I'd be if it was me? I'd be in Mole's Town, digging for buried treasure.† Toad's shrill laughter boomed through the trees. Jon's mare snorted. â€Å"Keep quiet, all of you,† Haider said. â€Å"I thought I heard something.† â€Å"Where? I didn't hear anything.† The horses stopped. â€Å"You can't hear yourself fart.† â€Å"I can too,† Grenn insisted. â€Å"Quiet!† They all fell silent, listening. Jon found himself holding his breath. Sam, he thought. He hadn't gone to the Old Bear, but he hadn't gone to bed either, he'd woken the other boys. Damn them all. Come dawn, if they were not in their beds, they'd be named deserters too. What did they think they were doing? The hushed silence seemed to stretch on and on. From where Jon crouched, he could see the legs of their horses through the branches. Finally Pyp spoke up. â€Å"What did you hear?† â€Å"I don't know,† Haider admitted. â€Å"A sound, I thought it might have been a horse but . . . â€Å" â€Å"There's nothing here.† Out of the corner of his eye, Jon glimpsed a pale shape moving through the trees. Leaves rustled, and Ghost came bounding out of the shadows, so suddenly that Jon's mare started and gave a whinny. â€Å"There!† Halder shouted. â€Å"I heard it too!† â€Å"Traitor,† Jon told the direwolf as he swung up into the saddle. He turned the mare's head to slide off through the trees, but they were on him before he had gone ten feet. â€Å"Jon!† Pyp shouted after him. â€Å"Pull up,† Grenn said. â€Å"You can't outrun us all.† Jon wheeled around to face them, drawing his sword. â€Å"Get back. I don't wish to hurt you, but I will if I have to.† â€Å"One against seven?† Halder gave a signal. The boys spread out, surrounding him. â€Å"What do you want with me?† Jon demanded. â€Å"We want to take you back where you belong,† Pyp said. â€Å"I belong with my brother.† â€Å"We're your brothers now,† Grenn said. â€Å"They'll cut off your head if they catch you, you know,† Toad put in with a nervous laugh. â€Å"This is so stupid, it's like something the Aurochs would do.† â€Å"I would not,† Grenn said. â€Å"I'm no oathbreaker. I said the words and I meant them.† â€Å"So did I,† Jon told them. â€Å"Don't you understand? They murdered my father. It's war, my brother Robb is fighting in the riverlands—† â€Å"We know,† said Pyp solemnly. â€Å"Sam told us everything.† â€Å"We're sorry about your father,† Grenn said, â€Å"but it doesn't matter. Once you say the words, you can't leave, no matter what.† â€Å"I have to,† Jon said fervently. â€Å"You said the words,† Pyp reminded him. â€Å"Now my watch begins, you said it. It shall not end until my death.† â€Å"I shall live and die at my post,† Grenn added, nodding. â€Å"You don't have to tell me the words, I know them as well as you do.† He was angry now. Why couldn't they let him go in peace? They were only making it harder. â€Å"I am the sword in the darkness,† Halder intoned. â€Å"The watcher on the walls,† piped Toad. Jon cursed them all to their faces. They took no notice. Pyp spurred his horse closer, reciting, â€Å"I am the fire that burns against the cold, the light that brings the dawn, the horn that wakes the sleepers, the shield that guards the realms of men.† â€Å"Stay back,† Jon warned him, brandishing his sword. â€Å"I mean it, Pyp.† They weren't even wearing armor, he could cut them to pieces if he had to. Matthar had circled behind him. He joined the chorus. â€Å"I pledge my life and honor to the Night's Watch.† Jon kicked his mare, spinning her in a circle. The boys were all around him now, closing from every side. â€Å"For this night . . . † Halder trotted in from the left. † . . . and all the nights to come,† finished Pyp. He reached over for Jon's reins. â€Å"So here are your choices. Kill me, or come back with me.† Jon lifted his sword . . . and lowered it, helpless. â€Å"Damn you,† he said. â€Å"Damn you all.† â€Å"Do we have to bind your hands, or will you give us your word you'll ride back peaceful?† asked Halder. â€Å"I won't run, if that's what you mean.† Ghost moved out from under the trees and Jon glared at him. â€Å"Small help you were,† he said. The deep red eyes looked at him knowingly. â€Å"We had best hurry,† Pyp said. â€Å"If we're not back before first light, the Old Bear will have all our heads.† Of the ride back, Jon Snow remembered little. It seemed shorter than the journey south, perhaps because his mind was elsewhere. Pyp set the pace, galloping, walking, trotting, and then breaking into another gallop. Mole's Town came and went, the red lantern over the brothel long extinguished. They made good time. Dawn was still an hour off when Jon glimpsed the towers of Castle Black ahead of them, dark against the pale immensity of the Wall. It did not seem like home this time. They could take him back, Jon told himself, but they could not make him stay. The war would not end on the morrow, or the day after, and his friends could not watch him day and night. He would bide his time, make them think he was content to remain here . . . and then, when they had grown lax, he would be off again. Next time he would avoid the kingsroad. He could follow the Wall east, perhaps all the way to the sea, a longer route but a safer one. Or even west, to the mountains, and then south over the high passes. That was the wildling's way, hard and perilous, but at least no one wouid follow him. He wouldn't stray within a hundred leagues of Winterfell or the kingsroad. Samwell Tarly awaited them in the old stables, slumped on the ground against a bale of hay, too anxious to sleep. He rose and brushed himself off. â€Å"I . . . I'm glad they found you, Jon.† â€Å"I'm not,† Jon said, dismounting. Pyp hopped off his horse and looked at the lightening sky with disgust. â€Å"Give us a hand bedding down the horses, Sam,† the small boy said. â€Å"We have a long day before us, and no sleep to face it on, thanks to Lord Snow.† When day broke, Jon walked to the kitchens as he did every dawn. Three-Finger Hobb said nothing as he gave him the Old Bear's breakfast. Today it was three brown eggs boiled hard, with fried bread and ham steak and a bowl of wrinkled plums. Jon carried the food back to the King's Tower. He found Mormont at the window seat, writing. His raven was walking back and forth across his shoulders, muttering, â€Å"Corn, corn, corn.† The bird shrieked when Jon entered. â€Å"Put the food on the table,† the Old Bear said, glancing up. â€Å"I'll have some beer.† Jon opened a shuttered window, took the flagon of beer off the outside ledge, and filled a horn. Hobb had given him a lemon, still cold from the Wall. Jon crushed it in his fist. The juice trickled through his fingers. Mormont drank lemon in his beer every day, and claimed that was why he still had his own teeth. â€Å"Doubtless you loved your father,† Mormont said when Jon brought him his horn. â€Å"The things we love destroy us every time, lad. Remember when I told you that?† â€Å"I remember,† Jon said sullenly. He did not care to talk of his father's death, not even to Mormont. â€Å"See that you never forget it. The hard truths are the ones to hold tight. Fetch me my plate. Is it ham again? So be it. You look weary. Was your moonlight ride so tiring?† Jon's throat was dry. â€Å"You know?† â€Å"Know,† the raven echoed from Mormont's shoulder. â€Å"Know.† The Old Bear snorted. â€Å"Do you think they chose me Lord Commander of the Night's Watch because I'm dumb as a stump, Snow? Aemon told me you'd go. I told him you'd be back. I know my men . . . and my boys too. Honor set you on the kingsroad . . . and honor brought you back.† â€Å"My friends brought me back,† Jon said. â€Å"Did I say it was your honor?† Mormont inspected his plate. â€Å"They killed my father. Did you expect me to do nothing?† â€Å"If truth be told, we expected you to do just as you did.† Mormont tried a plum, spit out the pit. â€Å"I ordered a watch kept over you., You were seen leaving. If your brothers had not fetched you back, you would have been taken along the way, and not by friends. Unless you have a horse with wings like a raven. Do you?† â€Å"No.† Jon felt like a fool. â€Å"Pity, we could use a horse like that.† Jon stood tall. He told himself that he would die well; that much he could do, at the least. â€Å"I know the penalty for desertion, my lord. I'm not afraid to die.† â€Å"Die!† the raven cried. â€Å"Nor live, I hope,† Mormont said, cutting his ham with a dagger and feeding a bite to the bird. â€Å"You have not deserted—yet. Here you stand. If we beheaded every boy who rode to Mole's Town in the night, only ghosts would guard the Wall. Yet maybe you mean to flee again on the morrow, or a fortnight from now. Is that it? Is that your hope, boy?† Jon kept silent. â€Å"I thought so.† Mormont peeled the shell off a boiled egg. â€Å"Your father is dead, lad. Do you think you can bring him back?† â€Å"No,† he answered, sullen. â€Å"Good,† Mormont said. â€Å"We've seen the dead come back, you and me, and it's not something I care to see again.† He ate the egg in two bites and flicked a bit of shell out from between his teeth. â€Å"Your brother is in the field with all the power of the north behind him. Any one of his lords bannermen commands more swords than you'll find in all the Night's Watch. Why do you imagine that they need your help? Are you such a mighty warrior, or do you carry a grumkin in your pocket to magic up your sword?† Jon had no answer for him. The raven was pecking at an egg, breaking the shell. Pushing his beak through the hole, he pulled out morsels of white and yoke. The Old Bear sighed. â€Å"You are not the only one touched by this war. Like as not, my sister is marching in your brother's host, her and those daughters of hers, dressed in men's mail. Maege is a hoary old snark, stubborn, short-tempered, and willful. Truth be told, I can hardly stand to be around the wretched woman, but that does not mean my love for her is any less than the love you bear your half sisters.† Frowning, Mormont took his last egg and squeezed it in his fist until the shell crunched. â€Å"Or perhaps it does. Be that as it may, I'd still grieve if she were slain, yet you don't see me running off. I said the words, just as you did. My place is here . . . where is yours, boy?† I have no place, Jon wanted to say, I'm a bastard, I have no rights, no name, no mother, and now not even a father. The words would not come. â€Å"I don't know.† â€Å"I do,† said Lord Commander Mormont. â€Å"The cold winds are rising, Snow. Beyond the Wall, the shadows lengthen. Cotter Pyke writes of vast herds of elk, streaming south and east toward the sea, and mammoths as well. He says one of his men discovered huge, misshapen footprints not three leagues from Eastwatch. Rangers from the Shadow Tower have found whole villages abandoned, and at night Ser Denys says they see fires in the mountains, huge blazes that burn from dusk till dawn. Quorin Halfhand took a captive in the depths of the Gorge, and the man swears that Mance Rayder is massing all his people in some new, secret stronghold he's found, to what end the gods only know. Do you think your uncle Benjen was the only ranger we've lost this past year?† â€Å"Ben Jen,† the raven squawked, bobbing its head, bits of egg dribbling from its beak. â€Å"Ben Jen. Ben Jen.† â€Å"No,† Jon said. There had been others. Too many. â€Å"Do you think your brother's war is more important than ours?† the old man barked. Jon chewed his lip. The raven flapped its wings at him. â€Å"War, war, war, war,† it sang. â€Å"It's not,† Mormont told him. â€Å"Gods save us, boy, you're not blind and you're not stupid. When dead men come hunting in the night, do you think it matters who sits the Iron Throne?† â€Å"No.† Jon had not thought of it that way. â€Å"Your lord father sent you to us, Jon. Why, who can say?† â€Å"Why? Why? Why?† the raven called. â€Å"All I know is that the blood of the First Men flows in the veins of the Starks. The First Men built the Wall, and it's said they remember things otherwise forgotten. And that beast of yours . . . he led us to the wights, warned you of the dead man on the steps. Ser Jaremy would doubtless call that happenstance, yet Ser Jaremy is dead and I'm not.† Lord Mormont stabbed a chunk of ham with the point of his dagger. â€Å"I think you were meant to be here, and I want you and that wolf of yours with us when we go beyond the Wall.† His words sent a chill of excitement down Jon's back. â€Å"Beyond the Wall?† â€Å"You heard me. I mean to find Ben Stark, alive or dead.† He chewed and swallowed. â€Å"I will not sit here meekly and wait for the snows and the ice winds. We must know what is happening. This time the Night's Watch will ride in force, against the King-beyond-the-Wall, the Others, and anything else that may be out there. I mean to command them myself.† He pointed his dagger at Jon's chest. â€Å"By custom, the Lord Commander's steward is his squire as well . . . but I do not care to wake every dawn wondering if you've run off again. So I will have an answer from you, Lord Snow, and I will have it now. Are you a brother of the Night's Watch . . . or only a bastard boy who wants to play at war?† Jon Snow straightened himself and took a long deep breath. Forgive me, Father. Robb, Arya, Bran . . . forgive me, I cannot help you. He has the truth of it. This is my place. â€Å"I am . . . yours, my lord. Your man. I swear it. I will not run again.† The Old Bear snorted. â€Å"Good. Now go put on your sword.†

Evolution as a Creative Process Essay example - 968 Words

Evolution as a Creative Process Evolution is a process that has taken billions of years, and will continue for billions more.It takes hundreds of generations for an evolutionary change to occur, or an impending extinction to become evident. Humans find it difficult to see themselves evolving due to their longer life span, and fewer generations over time compared to other species. It has become a common misconception that humans are finished evolving, and that they have reached the best and most efficient beings possible. The same misconception can be carried over to art. The main questions being posed in this paper are: can evolution be viewed as a creative process like the art world? Can there be anything new in both art and†¦show more content†¦Music began with singing, and human noise, followed by drums, and pipes, and bells. This continued through until more instruments were created and more complex songs were written. Harmony started appearing and then choral groups, chanting, symphonies, operas. In the past century jazz, rock and roll, and rap have all evolved transforming the same sounds that were used in the past. What is the next step for music? Can any new types of music or instruments be invented? The piano evolved into the harpsichord, the lute into the guitar. How can we predict what will come next instrumentally. Technology is the only art that is still evolving at a rapid pace. The past hundred years have produced more changes in technology that in the rest of history. The trend originally was toward bigger, better creations. Huge cars, huge computers, cd players, and cameras. This has now turned around and everything is being made more compact. Why is this? Is this the next step in our evolution as humans? All of our technology is now handheld, mini coopers are becoming increasingly popular, cameras are palm-sized. The creative world of technology is rapidly changing and evolving. Looking at evolution through a creative perspective, is it as creative as humans are? Have other species evolved on our planet as rapidly as human art? What is the next step? Will there be anything new? What will become extinct, and what will change into a hybrid? These questions are allShow MoreRelated Mutations in Nature and Culture Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesvariations that lead to evolution in species. In a sci-fi/ horror flick sense, one might think of a vicious monster that after contact with some radioactive substance became terribly disfigured. But rarely do we associate mutations with ideas pervasive to our culture. Daniel Dennett suggests that memes undergo a certain kind of mutation that is inherent to the creative evolution of culture. The most important distinction to be made between mutation as it applies to biological evolution, and how it appliesRead MoreThe Problems Of Conformity By Virginia Woolf1186 Words   |  5 Pagesmight have once retained. Although uniformity offers a form of security from chaos, we sacrifice many aspects of humanity which would drive evolution forward; should we conform to the same ideas and principals we may hold. In our human community, there must be variation in order to grow into better species. We must also make room for innovation and creative thought, which often, does not come from the presence of utter homogenization. Conformity is the sole perpetrator of the dull and uninterestingRead MoreCatherine Kellers Tehomic Perspective Natural Evil1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Negative-yet-Positive Ubiquity of Natural Evil in the Universe and God’s Kenotic Presence in Creation With regard to the ubiquitous prevalence of pain, suffering, and death in the course of evolution, Pecocke sees both positive and negative aspects of natural evil. The increase in complexity that led to the emergence of consciousness was actually the consequence of the competition among species for better survival in natural selection. In that vein, the increase of entropy contributed the diversificationRead MoreThe Truth About Life On Earth Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pagesimposed on millions of students. They need to be taught the real nature of science, including its limitations† (â€Å"Ken Ham Quotes†). Evolution is defined according to Webster s dictionary as â€Å"a theory that the differences between modern plants and animals are because of changes that happened by a natural process over a very long time† (Merriam-Webster). Darwin’s Evolution believes that species evolve overtime to better adapt to their environment. Darwin also believes that all ani mals originated fromRead MoreThe Correlation between Creativity and Madness1594 Words   |  7 Pagessubject matter leading to thesis statement There lies a link between creativity and madness and the association stems from the need of an unconventional thought process to spark creativity and biological factors surrounding the brains of both creative individuals, and mentally ill patients. Could it be Madness? A correlation between a more creative individual and a mentally ill patient exists, and it is highly likeable that the former could be the latter. The issue of whether great mental abilities, whetherRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1420 Words   |  6 Pages Evolution: Inceptions and Implications with Charles Darwin and Joseph Schumpeter Okema Johnson Coppin State University IDST 499-401 Dr. Ray September 25, 2015 Charles Darwin is best known for his work on the theory of Evolution by means of Natural Selection. His theory paved the way for humanity to understand where different species came about and how they are able to survive in their environments. When initially developed, his theory did erupt a few controversial debates becauseRead MoreStudy Guide Week 3 Essays1465 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ?† No 3. What are the 4 questions that Darwinians have not been able to answer? - Where is the missing link - How can man evolve to be the apex of living beings if the fact suggest the process of evolution goes the other way - Where life originated. - Refuse to believe or even explore data that suggest intelligent design. 4. What question did the old Presbyterian catechism address first? -What is the chief end of man? Answer: To glorifyRead MoreEvolution : A Scientific Theory1625 Words   |  7 PagesScience Education, evolution is a scientific theory that explains the emergence of new varieties of living things in the past and in the present. Evolution accounts for the striking patterns of similarities and differences among living things over time and across habitats through the action of biological processes such as natural selection, mutation, symbiosis, gene transfer, and genetic drift. There has been an ongoing debate between religion and science as to whether evolution truly takes placeRead MoreCreationism: The Center of Our Universe and Life Essay examples1605 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe that through the theory of evolution life began. However the world’s most popular book is the Bible. The Bible is also on almost every critics top ten list of books that should be read. So how can the world’s most popular book be wrong? Many who have read the Bible believe that only through the power of God life began upon the Earth. There are many people who do not believe in the theory of evolution and instead believe in the power of divine creationism. Creationism is a beliefRead MoreEvolution Science 818 Words   |  4 Pageslike Darwin’s theory being proved not helpful in our changing society. I wounder how many problems will come up with Bawazers ideals. So much of Hollywoods hit movies have touched on the topic of â€Å"playing God with science† Think Jurassic Park, Evolution, and The 6th day. Those movies have predicted how wrong science can go when we start playing God with living DNA. Obviously these tales are based in fiction, but there is truth in fiction. Was there not a time, when the world being round was nothing

A Review of Past Gamsat Essay Topics

A Review of Past Gamsat Essay Topics You may be asked to sit the GAMSAT exam and you're able to determine which universities require the exam on the Graduate Entry Medicine page. If it comes to write engineering essay for those students that are studying in electrical engineering school becomes confused since they are engineers and not the writers. So, merely a reminder that students are given 60 minutes to complete two essays, therefore it is crucial to keep an eye on time, not spend an excessive amount of time on a single essay. Often college students get into a great deal of stress to get the correct topic for the essay. Persuasive essay topics don't always need to be of a critical nature, you can write about things which are relevant in your life. In such conditions, the best essay writers can help you with high-quality content. You have to make sure that you're very interested in the topic before it's possible to persuade others about it. In an issue of speaking, picki ng out persuasive essay topics is similar to telling yourself what you need to convey to the rest of the planet. What Is So Fascinating About past Gamsat Essay Topics? A whole lot of work is required to ensure improvements can be produced later on. Whatever you're trying to achieve by spending a fortune on clothes can likewise be accomplished by spending less. Some things need to be believed to be viewed. To make sure you are on the most suitable way you require help in writing your paperwork. How to Get Started with past Gamsat Essay Topics? Read my essay writing service reviews and my guide to selecting the very best service for everything you will need to understand about how to select the best writing businesses. If you're in need of custom essay online, don't hesitate to speak to us now for we believe in providing result oriented and efficient classification essay assistance to our clients. Redundant information happens when authors say the specific same thing frequent ly, but in quite a few ways. It's crucial that the service you select knows for sure they're only selecting the very best essay writers. Set your objective first, then think of a means to write it in an intriguing manner for your readers to relish. When you imitate the job written by somebody else and move it as your individual it's generally referred to as plagiarism. The student may give the specifics of the topics to the firm. Therefore, most students wind up being frustrated since they aren't able to write and submit their customized essay paper punctually. Hence, you have to first understand the significance of prejudice if you need to write excellent essays on prejudice for the essay exams. No any man or woman can deny the truth that classification essay is a tricky type of essay and it might make one wonder what things to do and the way to succeed. You should first figure out the reason behind your essay, before you may write persuasive content about it. If you're authentic, nobody can write the exact same essay as you! The essay writing needs to be completed in a well-planned and structured method. When picking out persuasive essay topics to write about, it would be better to stick to your very own personal opinions so you are going to have a definite idea on what things to put in it. There's no need to worry because we're here to help you submit your classification essay without hustling in any way. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you may wish to argue is an excellent start. The 30-Second Trick for past Gamsat Essay Topics Attempt to get ready for topics by getting as much background knowledge as possible on an array of different subject areas. Also candidates should be updated on the changes and improvements occur all over the world. Create general areas that you want to expand your knowledge in. Government methods evolve over time together with everything else. past Gamsat Essay Topics - What Is It? A deal might become a disaster w hile students could possibly be provided a lousy grade. Even though it's common, student has to acquire right to become excellent grades. Presenting The Research Paper Research papers should be presented well to make the best effect. Moreover, as it's a proprietary system, we're ready to constantly make updates consistent with student feedback to be certain that students are receiving the very best learning experience possible. The Foolproof Past Gamsat Essay Topics Strategy Discover how to form a thesis and identify three or four points that can be made that will support your primary idea. Its principal attempt is to persuade a reader to adopt a specific point of view or maybe to take a specific action on the problem. Statistically, a minumum of one person is probably going to have prepared more than you and you don't need this to affect your performance. Your reasons have to be practical and logical.

Overview of Antisocial Personality Disorder - 1160 Words

Can antisocial personality disorder affect the life of a person with this diagnostic and their family members? In general, personality’s disorders affect the overall social functioning of a person, by eluding and eliminating any type of socialization; moreover, in the case of a chronic mental condition as an antisocial personality disorder the person with this diagnostic ways of thinking, perceiving situations and relating to others are negative and dysfunctional, affecting their positive and harmless interaction with others. Besides, those with antisocial personality disorder have the tendency to provoke, to manipulate, or to treat others bitterly or with complete indifference. They may have the tendency to broke the law, or get in frequent trouble, without any type of regret. Also, they probably have the tendency to give false testimonies, to be violent, to be impulsive, and to have the tendency for the use of drugs and alcohol. Finally, the combination of all the typically characteristics of a person with a diagnostic of antisocial personality disorder make this person unable to accomplish any type of task associated to family, work or school. The antisocial personality disorder diagnostic affect the overall life’s quality of a person and their family members, for these reasons is very important that everybody, including the affected person and family members, to recognize and understand the signs, symptoms, possible causes, treatments, and predisposition, of thisShow MoreRelatedAntisocial Personality Disorder: An Overview2418 Words   |  10 Pages Antisocial Personality Disorder: An Overview Abstract In this paper, my aim was to give a general overview of antisocial personality disorder so that I could broaden my understanding of this mental illness. I used textbook material, information from the DSM-5, and several outside sources to try to create a complete picture of the main points of the disorder, such as the causes development, symptoms, prognosis, prevalence, and treatment options for this disorder. I also looked intoRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1556 Words   |  7 Pagespeople believe that antisocial personality disorder is a faà §ade for criminals to receive lesser sentences by being diagnosed with a medical disorder. However, antisocial personality disorder is not just having and being a sociopathic person; it is a constant struggle. Antisocial personality disorder is a rare personality disorder with mental conditions that has short and long-term effects on a patient’s life. This literature review aims to characterize antisocial personality disorder by addressing theRead MorePsychopathy, Sociopathy And Anti Social Personality Disorder913 Words   |  4 PagesAre Psychopathy, Sociopathy and Anti-Social Personality Disorder the same? Psychopathy, sociopathy, and anti-social personality disorder, also known as ASPD, are three very similar disorders; so much so that it is a common question if they are the same disorder or not. All three of them are defined as people who have anti-social behaviours. All of these disorders are very common in people who disregard both the law and social norms, have no shame or guilt, and are occasionally violent; such asRead MoreThe Psychology Of Mental Illness973 Words   |  4 Pageshistory as well as the present study of psychological disorders is confusing and intriguing.Psychological disorders have been misunderstood since the 4th century BC. Throughout history knowledge and science have presented various causes, treatments and diagnoses. With the basic idea proposed by Hippocrates of the connection of our mood to the color of our bodily fluids to today s modern and scientific diagnoses and treatments , psychological disorders can now be effectively treated (â€Å"The History Of TheRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorders and Criminal Behavior2578 Words   |  10 PagesAbstract Antisocial personality disorder is a mental health condition characterized by various behavioral symptoms (including impulsivity or failure to plan ahead, disregard for the safety of others and irresponsibility), interpersonal symptoms (deceitfulness), affective symptoms (including a lack of remorse) and other symptoms (such as irritability and aggressiveness, repeated behaviors that are grounds for arrest, and the onset of conduct disorder prior to the age of 15 years). Although laws differRead MoreIntermittent Explosive Disorder ( Ied )1548 Words   |  7 PagesUs et al after second use if three or more authors, also put period after et al. and a comma after authors name ex (smith, 2003) An Overview of Intermittent Explosive Disorder Daniel Medvetz Ashland University An Overview of Intermittent Explosive Disorder Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is a complicated disorder to diagnosis, treat and understand. IED is classified by the American Psychiatric Association as an individual that engages in recurrent acts of impulsiveRead MoreSerial Killers And The Serial Killer1566 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions are notably greater in prevalence in known serial killers compared to the general population. These factors consist of family dynamics/parental characteristics, experienced child abuse (physical, sexual, and neglect), and psychological disorders. Serial Killers: Born or Created Dependent Variable A serial killer is an individual who has killed three or more people during separate incidents and at possibly different geographic locations where there is a cooling off period betweenRead MoreATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER is a condition that can occur in both children and adults who constantly display inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER is one of many disorders that features problems in two major places; which are the impulse control and ability to focus attention on the different tasks. Children and adults with ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER either have a problem with inattention; meaning a short attention spanRead MoreThe Power of Nature and Nurture Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesseparated, nature and nurture work together in human development. The human conscience is neither innate from birth or entirely shaped through experience, in stead, genetics and environmental influences combine to form human behaviorism, character, and personality traits that constantly change and develop throughout life. The debate on nature versus nurture has existed for thousands of years. Ancient philosophers Plato and Aristotle formed the argument through conflicting beliefs on the basics of humanRead MoreSocial Information Processing And Hostile Attribution Bias Theory Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesaggression and criminal behaviors. The paper will focus on Crick and Dodge’s model of Social Information Processing, with specific emphasis on Hostile Attribution Bias theory. In exploring this, there will also be discussion of the mental health disorders associated with this model, discussion of how these aggressive behaviors lead to criminal behaviors, and a look at treatment modalities that have been researched as effective treatment for these behaviors. Keywords: social information processing

Disability hero Essay Example For Students

Disability hero Essay Franklin D. Roosevelt served longer than any other president of the United States. He held office from 1933 until his death in 1945 at the beginning of his fourth term. During his presidency he led the United States through two great crises the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II. Roosevelt was a man of unusual charm and great optimism which he was able to communicate to others. He had a broad smile and an easygoing way of nodding agreement to whatever proposals were made to him. But beneath his outward friendliness was an inner reserve and an iron will. He became one of the most beloved as well as one of the most hated U.S. presidents. His admirers emphasized the way in which he met the nations problems. They praised him for insisting that the federal government must help the underprivileged and that the United States must share in the responsibility for preserving world peace. Roosevelts opponents denounced him for increasing the role of the government in the economic life of the country and claimed that he unnecessarily involved the United States in World War II. Yet friend and foe alike agreed that Roosevelt made a vital impact upon his times and that his policies exerted great influence on the future. Roosevelt was born on a comfortable estate overlooking the Hudson River at Hyde Park, New York, on January 30, 1882. He had a pleasant, sheltered childhood. His father, James Roosevelt, was a well-to-do investor and vice president of a small railroad. His mother, Sara Delano Roosevelt, came from a wealthy family of New England origin. During his childhood Franklin was taught by a governess and was taken on frequent trips to Europe. Once his father took him to the White House to see President Grover Cleveland. Cleveland, saddened and worn by the burdens of office, said he hoped that young Franklin would never have the misfortune of becoming president. At 14, Roosevelt entered Groton School in Massachusetts. From Groton he went to Harvard College where he concerned himself more with social life and other activities than with his studies. He was especially proud of the fact that he was president (chief editor) of the Harvard Crimson, the student newspaper. He graduated in 1904 and went on to Columbia University Law School. Meanwhile, he had become engaged to his slim, attractive distant cousin, Eleanor Roosevelt. At the wedding in 1905, Eleanors uncle, President Theodore Roosevelt (who was Franklins fifth cousin), gave her in marriage. Roosevelt was an indifferent law student and did not bother to complete work for his degree after passing his bar examination. Nor was he much interested in his work with a prominent Wall Street law firm. In 1910 the Democratic leaders in Dutchess County, New York, persuaded Roosevelt to run for the state senate. The senate contest seemed hopeless for a Democrat. Nevertheless, Roosevelt conducted an energetic campaign, touring the Hudson River farming communities in a red Maxwell automobile. The Republicans were split that year, and the 28- year-old Roosevelt won his first election. Roosevelt supported Woodrow Wilson for the presidential nomination in 1912, and when Wilson became president in 1913, Roosevelt was appointed assistant secretary of the navy. He still seemed too handsome and and too unpredictable dashing from one place to another to be taken very seriously. Yet he was especially successful as an administrator during World War I. He was also achieving a reputation as a rising young progressive. In 1920, at the age of 38, Roosevelt won the Democratic nomination for Vice President, running with the presidential candidate, James M. Cox (1870- 1957). However the Democrats were buried in the landslide victory of the Republican Warren Harding. Biding his time, Roosevelt entered private business. .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b , .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .postImageUrl , .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b , .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b:hover , .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b:visited , .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b:active { border:0!important; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b:active , .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucdf26a485bd0b02d52443be7451ca14b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dickens calls his novel Hard Times Essay Then, in the summer of 1921, while vacationing at Campobello Island in Canada, he was suddenly stricken with polio which paralyzed him from the waist down. Not yet 40, he seemed finished in politics. But his wife, Eleanor, and his private secretary, Louis Howe, felt that his recovery would be aided if he kept his political interests. Eleanor, now the mother of five children (a sixth child had died in 1909), cast aside her acute shyness and learned to .

Medical coverage for smoking related diseases

In the work place, some issues have been arising with the questions about whether the non-smoking employees should pay same medical insurance premium with the smoking employee.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical coverage for smoking related diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The argument is that smoking employees should pay a premium to cover their smoking related treatment. This issue has been a point of concern since the 1980s and has remained to be an issue to date. The reasoning from the either side involve economic arguments which a complex and maybe hard to comprehend. However, one of the most oblivious reasons is that it is a deterrent to this behavior, which is harmful to the life of the smoker. The main aim of this paper is to examine the real situation, analyze the fact and propose a reason concerning the matter based on the available facts and opinions. Breadth of the issue One of the most important points to note under this is that this is not an issue of smokers and non-smokers. By extension, it involves everyone who undertakes a life endangering activity knowingly. Therefore, the implication made by the proponents that this is an important step towards eliminating smoking reflects a shortsighted argument. It is oblivious that, if this was to be passed as rule, the soon or later people who engage in dangerous sporting activities will have to pay for their medical coverage in case of injury (Khalid 32; Garfield 16). Furthermore, it will also imply that people who attempt suicide also will have to pay for their medical and rehabilitation fees. This is not yet all the implication of this argument but its gravity is from this point clearer.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though proponents may ask why smokers continue to smoke yet they know the harmful effects of tobacco, it is not always healthy to lay all the blame on their shoulders. This has an implication also on the performance of the public health ministry. It is the mandate of this ministry to conduct public awareness programs and to educate the public on the dangers of some behaviors (Hayry and Hayry 34). Continued smoking by the public is a measure on how this ministry has been performing. This means that, in as much as smokers continue to smoke despite the dangers of smoking, it is the responsibility of the government to educate them about smoking, in which it has failed terribly. Ethical and legal issues One of the most popular arguments among the proponents of this topic is that there is a moral obligation between the doctor and the patient is to promote health- something valued by both parties, and therefore, such a relationship should attract allegiance from both parties otherwise, either party can withdraw from the relationship. First, the assumption that patients place t he same value on health as doctors is vague. Given their profession and training, doctors place highest value on health than anybody else in the society. On the other hand, other people value other thing like money and pleasure than health (Underwood and Bailey 54). From this point of view, the argument that most people see doctors to avoid suffering rather than be healthy is valid. Since the value placed by both parties on health is questionable, then the moral obligation based on this measure is questionable too. A keen analysis reveals that, due to the conflicting values between doctors and patients, the issue of who should receive treatment should lie in the hands of the state and not the doctors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical coverage for smoking related diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The questions hear is whether a person’s behavior will cause them to lose their rightful access to equal medical care. In as much as the state give rights and takes them under certain circumstance, it is important to note that fundamental rights are involved in this case- the right to life (Goodin 58). In other parts of the law, there are basic provisions by the law for people who have committed a criminal offence like fair trial. In medical practice, health is a basic right that regardless of the behavior of the patient and therefore health care services are basic provisions in this regard. Another ethical issue is the fact that one person in their behavior should not endanger the lives of others and where possible, appropriate legislation is necessary. Smokers may endanger lives of others as they may spend many medical resources with their operations at the expense of other patients (Mamode 14). The question is should the doctors use discretion to maximize the well-being of the greater group as opposed to one patient? However, any national health system should acknowledge th at unlike the utilitarian belief that individual rights are forfeitable for the benefit of a bigger group, the financial risks of bad health should be borne by the society as a whole. This would therefore discourage such a sacrifice. Economic reasoning Any nationalized health system seeks to eliminate the disparity between the poor and the rich. If smokers were to pay for their smoking-related medical bills, the rich will pay but the poor will die. However, this will mean more than just that. The drinkers will pay for their bills, reckless drivers and such like (Hayry and Hayry 36). This is a rational utilitarian thought though not well calculated. This will encourage more smoking because soon or later, everyone will die for one reason or another regardless of the person’s promptness in following the doctor’s advice. With regard to the medical expenditure to the society, there is evidence that, by comparing the medical costs to the society by smokers and non-smoker, th e difference may be insignificant.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, smokers save the government money by dying early. Research has shown that smoking causes a few problems during the productive years of a person’s life span. It results then that those people die even before they start benefiting from their pensions leaving the non-smoker to enjoy their contributions (Weinkam and Rosenbaum 28). Therefore, government should not forget the financial benefits the tobacco industry brings to them. Another point that proponents seem oblivious of is the other habits that smokers would engage in supposing smoking did not exist and the cost of such behaviors to the state (Hayry and Hayry 34). Therefore, it turns out that denying smokers their medical care on basis of cost to state would extinguish individual rights and if such were on utility basis, then it would encourage smoking. Conclusion Despite the long time that this topic has been out debate, the two sides have not yet come to terms on what is the best practice concerning this issue. O vertime, the reaction to this is that the government tries to change the rules after the game has become. The proponents in this issue have continuously presented half-baked propositional which have failed to provide reasonable grounds for the enactment of regulations regarding the treatment of smokers. Therefore, the resole to date remains holding any restrictions to the issue. Works Cited Garfield, John. â€Å"Let the health authority take the responsibility.† British medical  Journal. 306 (1993): 1050. Web. Goodin, Roner. â€Å"The ethics of smoking.† Ethics. 99 (1989): 574-624. Web. Hayry, Heta and Matti Hayry. â€Å"Utilitarianism, human rights and the redistribution of health through preventative medical measures.† Journal of applied philosophy. 6, 1(1989): 43-51. Print. Khalid, Mohamed. â€Å"Denying treatment is indefensible.†British medical journal. 306 (1993):1408. Web. Mamode, Neal. â€Å"Denying access is more costly.† British medical journal. 306 (1993): 1408. Web. Underwood, Michael and John Bailey. â€Å"Should smokers be offered coronary bypass surgery?† British medical journal. 306 (1993):1047-1050. Web. Weinkam, James and Wilf Rosenbaum. â€Å"Smoking and hospital utilization.† Social  science and medicine. 24 (1987): 983-986. Web. This essay on Medical coverage for smoking related diseases was written and submitted by user Eliza Hogan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Medical coverage for smoking related diseases Table of Contents Breadth of the issue Ethical and legal issues Economic reasoning Conclusion References In the work place, some issues have been arising with the questions about whether the non-smoking employees should pay same medical insurance premium with the smoking employees. The argument is that smoking employees should pay a premium to cover their smoking related treatment. This issue has been a point of concern since the 1980s and has remained up to date. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical coverage for smoking related diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reasoning from the either side involves economic arguments, which are complex and maybe hard to comprehend. However, one of the most oblivious reasons is that it is a deterrent to this behavior, which is harmful to the life of the smoker. The main aim of this paper is to examine the real situation, analyze the fact and propose a reason concerning the matter based on the available facts and opinions. Breadth of the issue One of the most important points to note under this is that this is not an issue of smokers and non-smokers. By extension, it involves everyone who undertakes a life endangering activity knowingly. Therefore, the implication made by the proponents is that this is an important step towards eliminating smoking reflects a shortsighted argument. If this was to become a rule, eventually the people who engage in dangerous sporting activities will have to pay for their medical coverage in case of injury (Khalid, 1993; Garfield, 1993). Furthermore, it will also imply that people who attempt suicide also will have to pay for their medical and rehabilitation fees. This is not the entire implication of the argument. Even though proponents may ask why smokers continue to smoke yet they know the harmful effects of tobacco, it is not always healthy to lay all the blame on their shoulders. This has an implicati on also on the performance of the public health ministry. It is the mandate of this ministry to conduct public awareness programs and to educate the public on the dangers of some behaviors (Hayry, H. Hayry, M., 1989). Continued smoking by the public is a measure on how this ministry has been performing. This means that, in as much as smokers continue to smoke despite the dangers of smoking, it is the responsibility of the government to educate them about smoking, in which it has failed terribly. Ethical and legal issues One of the most popular arguments among the proponents of this topic is that there is a moral obligation between the doctor and the patient is to promote health- something valued by both parties, and therefore, such a relationship should attract allegiance from both parties otherwise, either party can withdraw from the relationship. Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn M ore First, the assumption that patients place the same value on health as doctors is vague. Given their profession and training, doctors place highest value on health than anybody else in the society. On the other hand, other people value other things like money and pleasure than health (Underwood Bailey 1993). From this point of view, the argument that most people see doctors to avoid suffering rather than be healthy is valid. Since the value placed by both parties on health is questionable, then the moral obligation based on this measure is questionable too. A keen analysis reveals that, due to the conflicting values between doctors and patients, the issue of who should receive treatment should lie in the hands of the state and not the doctors. The questions hear is whether a person’s behavior will cause them to lose their rightful access to equal medical care. In as much as the state give rights and takes them under certain circumstances, it is important to note that f undamental rights are involved in this case- the right to life (Goodin, 1989, p. 26). In other parts of the law, there are basic provisions by the law for people who have committed a criminal offence like fair trial. In medical practice, health can be regarded as a basic right that regardless of the behavior of the patient, health care should be provided as a basic provision. Another ethical issue is the fact that one person in their behavior should not endanger the lives of others and where possible, this should be enforced by law. Smokers may endanger lives of others as they may spend many medical resources with their operations at the expense of other patients (Mamode, 1993, p. 14). The question is should the doctors use discretion to maximize the well-being of the greater group as opposed to one patient? However, any national health system should acknowledge that unlike the utilitarian belief that individual rights can be sacrificed for the benefit of a bigger group, the financ ial risks of bad health should be borne by the society as a whole. This would therefore discourage such a sacrifice. Economic reasoning Any nationalized health system seeks to eliminate the disparity between the poor and the rich. If smokers were to pay for their smoking-related medical bills, the rich will pay but the poor will die. However, this will mean more than just that. The drunkards will pay for their bills, reckless drivers and such like (Hayry, H. Hayry, M., 1989). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Medical coverage for smoking related diseases specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is a rational utilitarian thought though not well calculated. This will encourage more smoking because eventually everyone will die for one reason or another regardless of the person’s promptness in following the doctor’s advice. With regard to the medical expenditure to the society, there is evidence that, by comparing the medical costs to the society caused by smokers and non-smokers, the difference may be insignificant. In fact, smokers save the government money by dying early. Research has shown that smoking causes a few problems during the productive years of a person’s life span. It results then that those people die even before they start benefiting from their pensions leaving the non-smoker to enjoy their contributions (Weinkam Rosenbaum, 1987). Therefore, government should not forget the financial benefits the tobacco industry brings to them. Another point that proponents seem oblivious of is the other habits that smokers would engage in supposing smoking did not exist and the cost of such behaviors to the state (Hayry, H. Hayry, M., 1989). Therefore, it turns out that denying smokers medical care on basis of their medical cost to state would extinguish individual rights and if such is based on utility, then it would encourage smoking. Conclusion Despite the long time t hat this topic has been debated on, the two sides have not yet come to terms on what should be done concerning the issue. Overtime, the reaction to this is that the government tries to change the rules after the game has started. The proponents in this issue have continuously presented half-baked propositions, which have failed to provide reasonable grounds for the enactment of regulations regarding the treatment of smokers. Therefore, the resole to date remains holding any restrictions to the issue. References Garfield, J., (1993). Let the health authority take the responsibility. British medical Journal, 306, 1050. Goodin, R. E., (1989). The ethics of smoking. Ethics, 99,574-624.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hayry, H., Hayry, M., (1989). Utilitarianism, human rights and the redistribution of health through preventative medical measures. Journal of applied philosophy, 6(1), 43-51. Khalid, M. I., (1993). Denying treatment is indefensible. British medical journal, 306, (1408), 32-35. Mamode, N., (1993). Denying access is more costly. British medical journal. 306(1408), 36-45. Underwood, M. J., Bailey, J. S., (1993). Should smokers be offered coronary bypass surgery? British medical journal. 306, 1047-1050. Weinkam, J. J., Rosenbaum, W. S., (1987). Smoking and hospital utilization. Social science and medicine, 24, 983-986. This essay on Medical coverage for smoking related diseases was written and submitted by user Christine Berry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.