System Analysis and Design for Cloud Solution - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theSystem Analysis and Design for Cloud Based Solution. Answer: Presentation In all the various methodologies of System Development Life Cycle necessities details for a specific framework must be set first. The necessity determination establishes the tone for the usage of another framework. In the event that the prerequisite determination stage is very much characterized, at that point the methodical progression of steps till the execution is smoothened. Highlights of the my wellbeing record framework These are for the most part the characteristics of a framework that ought to be delineated by the wellbeing record framework; the measurements that cause a framework to fit the bill to be alluded to all in all. The cloud based arrangement framework ought to have these properties/highlights/characteristics for it to be viewed as executed as my wellbeing record framework for Headspace wellbeing association. Order of framework characteristics. This is as indicated by interface necessity characteristics, execution prerequisite characteristics, life cycle prerequisite characteristics, business prerequisite characteristics and government arrangements necessity characteristics. Interface necessity characteristics. This is the capacity of the cloud based answer for actualize the intelligent component of the new my wellbeing record framework which will in general cooperate with the clients who are the medication specialists and the young people with the psychological issues. The adolescents register themselves in the cloud based arrangement framework and give their subtleties. The medication professionals for example a therapist gets to the subtleties of the adolescent and gives exhort through reports which the young will undoubtedly get, Execution Requirement characteristics. The cloud based framework ought to have the option to function according to the presentation imperative particular for the my wellbeing record framework. These imperatives are: Reality. The time determines the quantity of tasks or procedures that can be handled every second with my wellbeing record framework though the space characterizes the measure of room required for the capacity of information and data on the patient young people. Security. The cloud based arrangement framework should work in order to actualize the security determinations of my wellbeing record framework. This determines the individuals approved to access and view certain data and for this situation the patients and the clinical professionals are the main ones validated to. Unwavering quality of the framework. Is the cloud based arrangement framework productive and compelling for the predetermined assignment required by headspace? It ought to have the option to make persistent records and store them. Similarity. Is the cloud based arrangement ready to consolidate new client needs and new advancements in the wellbeing part? Working necessity characteristics. This includes the physical imperatives of my wellbeing record framework. For example the capacity of the cloud based arrangement framework to react to support, investigating and usage. Framework advancement life cycle prerequisite characteristics which is additionally partitioned into two: Configuration rating. Flexibility of the cloud based arrangement framework soon is thought of. Improvement limits. The elements that limit improvement of a framework, for example, the cutoff time of a framework, assets accessibility, cost of advancement and time limit are placed into thought. Business prerequisite characteristics. This is the fiscal worth that a framework will add to the current framework or the cost that will be acquired while executing the cloud based arrangement framework. Government approaches prerequisite characteristics. A decent cloud based arrangement framework ought to keep the predefined law of an administration or a country. Highlights of a framework are sorted into two: Non-useful component and the Functional highlights. The non-useful highlights check the usefulness of a framework while the utilitarian characteristics are the genuine elements of a framework Chung do Prado (2009). Non-useful highlights of my wellbeing record framework dependent on FURPS include: Usefulness of my wellbeing record framework. Is the cloud based arrangement framework equipped for playing out the undertakings that Headspace requires from a framework? Does the cloud based arrangement framework have the capacities, the reason and the safety efforts to be utilized successfully and proficiently by Headspace? Ease of use of my wellbeing record framework. The cloud based arrangement framework ought to be easy to understand. It ought to have the option to interface with various clients of Headspace. It ought to have the option to devour data from the patients and store them. It ought to have the option to recover data from a database and pass on a report. Unwavering quality of my wellbeing record framework. The cloud based arrangement framework ought to be relied upon as far as security of information, precision of information, recovery of information and ought to be available to investigating, fix and upkeep in the event that a framework disappointment happens. Execution of my wellbeing record framework. The cloud based arrangement framework ought to guarantee a smooth progression of exercises of patient enlistment, meeting and creation of reports for Headspace. Acceptability highlight of my wellbeing record framework. The cloud based arrangement framework needs to include similarity, testability, transportability and investigating for it to be viewed as entirety. Correlation between Non-useful highlights and utilitarian highlights of the cloud based arrangement framework. Non-useful highlights of my wellbeing record framework Utilitarian highlights of my wellbeing record framework Guarantees the cloud based arrangement framework plays out the expected tasks for Headspace however doesn't indicate how this is accomplished as for the new my wellbeing record framework that will be executed. Guarantees the cloud based arrangement follows the rules and the methodology of playing out the Headspace, my wellbeing record framework, expected tasks for example the framework should catch tolerant data gave and store it to future investigation. Convenience determines that the cloud based arrangement framework ought to be easy to understand however doesn't expand on how it ought to do as such concerning the execution of my wellbeing record framework. Ease of use here is very much determined regarding how the framework will communicate with its clients through the interface modules set up. For example when a patient is enrolling with Headspace through the wellbeing record framework the framework should provoke the client to enter subtleties lastly educate in the event that he/she is enlisted. Data precision and security is supposed to be incorporate yet the component in which they ought to be actualized isn't spelt out. Kinds of the safety efforts in information security as for the cloud based arrangement framework is unmistakably spelt out like the utilization of cryptography to make sure about data sent in the my wellbeing record framework. Execution is a general issue and isn't communicated according to the usage of my wellbeing record framework. The quantity of procedures/exchanges every second that my wellbeing record framework can figure out how to process Similarity is a general component for all frameworks as per non-utilitarian element. How a cloud based arrangement adjusts to the future advancements and medication creations is well spelt out. This may be the duty of cloud specialist organizations. Qualities and Weaknesses of a cloud based arrangement Cloud figuring Marston, et al (2011). Qualities/Advantages. Diminished expense of usage of a framework. Actualizing a cloud based arrangement is less expensive contrasted with beginning a framework without any preparation. Building up a framework without any preparation requires experiencing all the phases of the SDLC which is extremely repetitive and costly despite the fact that it might cover the entire extent of the necessities. Adjustment to new advances and conditions later on is guaranteed by the cloud based arrangement specialist organizations which is absolutely the inverse with in-house created. Cloud based arrangements are solid. Most cloud based arrangement suppliers offer investigating fix and support administrations to their customers through SLAs. The executives of assets is finished by the cloud based specialist organizations in this way the concern for asset the executives isn't a weight to the Headspace supervisory group. Flourishing of a business situated association. Cloud based arrangement framework frequently bolster the business part of an association by furnishing them with CRM and ERP framework. Defenselessness/Weakness. Security defenselessness. Because of the system perspective where one server has numerous customers, individuals may gadget approaches to bargain the confirmation frameworks and access private data on the patients of Headspace. Security of data and administrations is a danger to cloud based arrangement frameworks. Slow execution or ended procedures. Because of the facilitating of numerous customers by the specialist organizations now and then all the procedures of Headspace perhaps moderate or even stop to work appropriately. An end of exercises at Headspace would cause more mischief than anything. Security upgrade procedures that can be actualized and work impeccably for cloud based frameworks. Cryptography Katz Lindell (2014). This is the best choice utilizing the disarray and dissemination parts of encryption. This dissuades a programmer who has accessed the framework from getting the real information and data. Establishment of the most recent antiviruses. This is control the flexibility of the different sorts of malignant projects that will in general eat space on the capacity gadgets and in any event, meddling with the framework stream of exercises and code execution. SDLC Approaches to actualizing my wellbeing record framework that is a cloud based arrangement framework. Two methodologies are thought of and contrasted utilizing their advantages and disadvantages and reference to cascade versus light-footed, A similar report on SDLC Bali Murugaiyan (2012) to locate the appropriate on to go with. These two methodologies are Versatile methodology Aces Cons Reasonable for tending to prerequisites that continue evolving. Has less limitations and documentation is handily utilized. Empowers simultaneous usage and conveyance inside an ove

Canada as a 51st State essays

Canada as a 51st State expositions Of late, living in Canada it is turning out to be more clear that our outskirt with the United States is by all accounts evaporating. We have as a nation consistently attempted to remain free and to be one of a kind in our own specific manners. The multiculturalism and the manner in which everybody lives respectively shows why Canada is one of the top nations. Then again Americans consider us to be on the off chance that we are the same than themselves. Much of the time they are right, particularly so after the September eleventh assaults. Before all the stress over fear based oppression Canada was for the most part there close by the United States to help them in their activities. Since the time the assault on the States, Canada was not just approached to be there for the Americans, they were simply expected to be there. We helped them significantly by taking in all the individuals, having all planes land here, giving them backing and fund-raising for the families whose individuals had lost their lives. Obviously Canada never got a lot of acknowledgment for their extraordinary and earnest endeavors. In conclusion, and above all is Canadas topographical position. With the manner in which Canada is put, having a long and open fringe with the United States nearly liquefies the two nations together. On the off chance that the United States was at war it would nearly appear as though Canada is at war too. Canada imitates or follows the United States from numerous points of view, once in a while without understanding that they are doing this. In spite of the fact that Canada is just attempting to support their neighbor and attempt to coexist with them, they are likewise gradually giving themselves over, to get one with the United States and their kin. ... <!

Differences Between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

Differences Between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Differences of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 13, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Verywell / Joshua Seong More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Why do we do the things we do? What is it that drives our behaviors? Psychologists have proposed some different ways of thinking about motivation, including one method that involves looking at whether motivation arises from outside (extrinsic) or inside (intrinsic) the individual.?? While both types are important, researchers have found that intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation can have different effects on behaviors and how people pursue goals.?? In order to understand how these types of motivation influence human action, it is important to understand what each one is and how it works. 1:17 Is It Extrinsic or Intrinsic Motivation? What Is Extrinsic Motivation? Extrinsic motivation occurs when we are motivated to perform a behavior or engage in an activity to earn a reward or avoid punishment.?? In this case, you engage in behavior not because you enjoy it or because you find it satisfying, but in order to get something in return or avoid something unpleasant. Understanding Extrinsic Motivation What Is Intrinsic Motivation? Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in a  behavior because it is personally rewarding; essentially, performing an activity for its own sake rather than the desire for some external reward. Essentially, the behavior itself is its own reward.?? Understanding Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Participating in a sport to win awards Cleaning your room to avoid being reprimanded by your parents Competing in a contest to win a scholarship Studying because you want to get a good grade Intrinsic Motivation Participating in a sport because you find the activity enjoyable Cleaning your room because you like tidying up Solving a word puzzle because you find the challenge fun and exciting Studying a subject you find fascinating Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation: Which Is Best? The primary difference between the two types of motivation is that extrinsic motivation arises from outside of the individual while intrinsic motivation arises from within. Researchers have also found that the two types of motivation can differ in how effective they are at driving behavior.?? Some studies have demonstrated that offering excessive external rewards for an already internally rewarding behavior can lead to a reduction in intrinsic motivation, a phenomenon known as the overjustification effect. In one study, for example, children who were rewarded for playing with a toy they had already expressed interest in playing with became less interested in the item after being externally rewarded.?? This is not to suggest that extrinsic motivation is a bad thing. Extrinsic motivation can be beneficial in some situations. It can be particularly helpful in situations where a person needs to complete a task that they find unpleasant. However: External rewards can induce interest and participation in something in which the individual had no initial interest.Extrinsic rewards can be used to motivate people to acquire new skills or knowledge. Once these early skills have been learned, people may then become more intrinsically motivated to pursue the activity.External rewards can also be a source of feedback, allowing people to know when their performance has achieved a standard deserving of reinforcement. Extrinsic motivators should be avoided in situations where: The individual already finds the activity intrinsically rewardingOffering a reward might make a play activity seem more like work When to Use Extrinsic Motivation While most people would suggest that intrinsic motivation is best, it is not always possible in every situation. In some cases, people simply have no internal desire to engage in an activity. Excessive rewards may be problematic, but when used appropriately, extrinsic motivators can be a useful tool. For example, extrinsic motivation can be used to get people to complete a work task or school assignment in which they have no internal interest. Researchers have arrived at three primary conclusions with regards to extrinsic rewards and their influence on intrinsic motivation: Unexpected external rewards typically do not decrease intrinsic motivation.?? For example, if you get a good grade on a test because you enjoy learning about the subject and the teacher decides to reward you with a gift card to your favorite pizza place, your underlying motivation for learning about the subject will not be affected. However, this needs to be done with caution because people will sometimes come to expect such rewards.Praise can help increase internal motivation. Researchers have found that offering positive praise and feedback when people do something better in comparison to others can improve intrinsic motivation.??Intrinsic motivation will decrease, however, when external rewards are given for completing a particular task or only doing minimal work.?? For example, if parents heap lavish praise on their child every time he completes a simple task, he will become less intrinsically motivated to perform that task in the future. How Do Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation Influence Learning? Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation can also play a significant role in learning settings. Some experts argue that the traditional emphasis on external rewards such as grades, report cards, and gold stars undermines any existing intrinsic motivation that students might have. Others suggest that these extrinsic motivators help students feel more competent in the classroom, thus enhancing intrinsic motivation.?? A persons interest often survives when a reward is used neither to bribe nor to control but to signal a job well done, as in a most improved player award. If a reward boosts your feeling of competence after doing good work, your enjoyment of the task may increase. Rewards, rightly administered, can motivate high performance and creativity. And extrinsic rewards (such as scholarships, admissions, and jobs that often follow good grades) are here to stay, explains David G. Meyers in his text Psychology: Eighth Edition in Modules. A Word From Verywell While intrinsic motivation is often seen as the ideal, both extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation are important ways of driving behavior. To comprehend how these can be best utilized, it is important to understand some of the key differences between the two types of motivation including the overall impact that each can have on behavior.

Cultural Diversity in the United States - 514 Words

I hail from the hearth of cultural diversity in the United States of America, New York City. Therefore it wouldnt be a surprise that all of my conscious life, Ive been surrounded by different cultures, backgrounds, and views divergent from my own. Even though the sheer fact that my hometown displays an ability to thrive in a vibrant community, I dont believe that speaking about it alone would be sufficient enough to express why I would be able to fit into a vibrant community analogous to one of the most prestigious universities in the world, Rutgers University. Having been a member of Brooklyn Technical High Schools student body, I have been given the opportunity to be part of one of the most, if not the most diverse school in the United States. Although this is true, members of my ethnicity are grossly underrepresented in my school. While this may be unfortunate, over my school years I have learned to take this disadvantage and use it to my own advantage. Being the only African-Amer ican in some of my classes presented me with two options: Sulk over the fact that I was alone in terms of ethnicity, or allow the various cultures of other ethnicities influence me, while at the same time doing the same service to the students in my classes. I chose the latter, and I believe that it was the best possible decision for me to make, because without it, I would still be absolved in my own culture, ignorant of those around me. It goes further than this, however. TheShow MoreRelatedCultural Diversity Of The United States896 Words   |  4 Pagesbe defined as â€Å"language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, and symbols† (Merriam-Webster, 2014). The United States is currently experiencing a dramatic change regarding cultural diversity. According to a recent census, 36.3 percent of the United States population belongs to an ethnic or racial minority (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). 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The Progression And Maturation Of Human Development

Developmental psychologists examine the progression and maturation of human development throughout a lifetime (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014). Additionally, developmental psychologists study how humans are able to acclimate to changes. Traditionally, their roles focus around the various stages during childhood and adolescence due in part to the rapid changes experienced during the first stages of life, however they are not limited to those age groups. Undergraduate and graduate degrees typically only contain limited courses specializing on human development and learning, however, at the University of Texas at Austin, there is an entire program specifically dedicated to the course of study (The University of Texas at Austin). The Ph.D. program takes approximately four years to complete and requires approval from a professor currently serving on the developmental psychology staff. Prospective candidates are held to the highest standards to ensure only the most qualified indiv iduals enter into the respected community. Each candidate is required to instruct at least three developmental psychology classes. Furthermore in addition to their course of study, candidates are required to formulate, annotate and present a professional dissertation. Each university has varying program requirements, which ensures only the most skilled and competent individuals are eligible for graduation. This particular career has the ability to work in various environments,Show MoreRelatedJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive And Affective Development1693 Words   |  7 PagesAffective Development is a result of an interdisciplinary approach to understanding mental processes and the behaviors presented by those processes. Piaget’s theory encompasses development through four levels of cognition to formal operations. 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It was necessary for the three characters to break down during hard situations in their lives to start appreciating the different seasons of their lives, the transition from adolescence to

Tarahumara Indians Free Essays

The Running People Rex Pace, an ultrarunner, once said, â€Å"Pushing your body past what you thought it was capable of is easy; the hard part is pushing yourself even further †¦ past what your mind wants to let you. That’s what ultrarunning is all about; introducing you to a self you’ve never known. † The human body can do amazing things, especially when it comes to running. We will write a custom essay sample on Tarahumara Indians or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although most people think of running as a pain in the behind, a small minority are crazy about it. These people live and breathe running. People like a Scott Jurek, or Ann Trason, well known endurance runners, can clock in more than 150 miles a week because to them, running is not just a sport, but a lifestyle. Because of these people, ultrarunning was born and has taken its hold. All over the country, races anywhere from 50 to 300 miles long are taking place, and only the best runners complete them. That is, the runners who want to be known. However, there is a group of people who have been called â€Å"the finest natural distance runners in the world†, yet barely anyone has heard of them. These very shy and isolated people are known as the Tarahumara Indians, and they are incredible endurance runners. This is evident in the way they live and how they incorporate running as a part of their lifestyle. The Tarahumara Indians also call themselves the Raramuri, which translates to mean foot runner. These Indians live in the Sierra Madre of Mexico, in â€Å"small isolated clusters with most of the population concentrated in the†¦Copper Canyons† (Beauregard). The Copper Canyons consists of five canyons, three of which are deeper than the Grand Canyon. The terrain is very rugged, nearly impassable to outsiders, and there is a lot of vegetation. Due to cold temperatures, the soil is bad for growing crops, and so the â€Å"Tarahumara are semi-nomadic and cave dwellers for part of the year† (Beauregard). They also live under cliffs or in small cabins. Because they live so deep within the Copper Canyons, they do not receive many visitors, so the Tarahumara are a very shy bunch. Life is very simple because â€Å"the Tarahumara still want nothing to do with money and material things that are not important to them† (Beauregard). Family and running are probably the two most important things to a Tarahumara Indian. Speaking of running, the incredible endurance of these Indians may be, in part, due to their healthy diet. The main staple food is corn. Almost everything the Tarahumara eat contains corn, such as their favorite: Pinole. Pinole is basically corn ground to a powder and then toasted. A few other common foods would be squash, beans, chili, wild greens, and handmade tortillas. Meat is only eaten on special occasions because animals are usually kept for farming purposes only. The Tarahumara eat â€Å"approximately 10% protein, 10% fat and 80% complex carbohydrates† (Lutz 31). This ratio keeps the Tarahumara fueled with energy all day long, and helps them stay fit by consuming so little fat. Although the â€Å"Tarahumara diet is very simple†¦nutritionists agree that it is very healthy† (Kennedy, 20) and is linked to why the Tarahumara are such great distance runners. They also have a special drink that can only classify as the best energy drink around. Made with only the seeds of the chia plant, water, and a little lime juice, this drink, which they call iskiate, can energize a person for the entire day. The chia seeds are tiny, but are â€Å"superpacked with omega-3s, omega-6s, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, fiber, and antioxidants†¦ [and aid in] building muscle, lowering cholesterol, and reducing your risk of heart disease† (McDougall, 44). Their diet keeps these Indians strong, fit, and always ready to run. For the Tarahumara, running is simply a part of daily life. In some ways, their running abilities are due to the biggest social event in their culture: the rarajipari. The rarajipari, or foot throwing game, is a competition between the male adults of two neighboring villages that involves running along a set race course while â€Å"throwing† a wooden, baseball sized ball with the foot. The first team to cross the finish line with the ball wins. A game that lasts for two days â€Å"is not unusual†¦ and many [courses] are 60 to 90 miles long† (Kennedy, 92) or longer. The runners do not get breaks, but must constantly be alert at all times as to where the ball is, and no hands are allowed. In the beginning of a race, â€Å"spectators frequently run along with the runners†¦ [and] a great deal of fun is generated† (Lutz, 26). The game is taught to kids at an early age, and is the only sport the Tarahumara play. Competitions happen very often because â€Å"the rarajipari [is] the heart and soul of Tarahumara culture† (McDougall, 41). This game is part of the reason the Tarahumara are such great endurance runners, and without it they would not be the same people. However the rarajipari is not the only way the Tarahumara incorporate running into their lifestyle. The Indians run almost everywhere they go, apparently because they like to† (Lutz 33). There are almost no roads in the Sierra Madre, and most paths are rugged, steep and narrow. For this reason, foot travel is the preferred mode of transportation by the Tarahumara to get from point A to point B. If point B happens to be another village, it is most likely more than 50 miles away, so the Indi ans must be in amazing physical condition. It would not be uncommon for a Tarahumara to â€Å"run 200 miles over a period of three days and nights† (Lutz 22). Since they tend to move around according to the season, the family’s â€Å" small plots of land are frequently miles from where the family lives, [so] every member of the family must be able to travel long distances in order to perform his everyday tasks† (Lutz 33). Also, when the Tarahumara go out hunting, they do not use traditional hunting techniques because they do not have guns or other weapons. Instead, â€Å"in order to catch such wild animals as deer, wild turkeys, and rabbits, the Tarahumara simply chase after the animal until the animal drops from exhaustion† (Beauregard). This is, again, an example of their super endurance and incorporation of running in their lives. When these amazing runners became known, a man named Rick Fisher, a wilderness photographer, decided it would be great publicity to sponsor an all-Tarahumara team and sign them up for the Leadville 100 mile race in Leadville, Colorado. Leadville happens to be the highest city in North America, and so the â€Å"Leadville Trail 100 boils down to nearly four full marathons, half of them in the dark, with twin twenty-six-hundred-foot climbs smack in the middle† (McDougall, 57). Basically, the trail is a nightmare, and only about 50% of the participants ever finish. So Mr. Fisher trekked into the Copper Canyons to find his all-star team, promised their village a pile of corn, and in 1993, Victoriano Churro, Cerrildo Chacarito, Manuel Luna and Felipe Torres ran the Leadville 100. About half way through the ultra-marathon â€Å"even the best ultrarunners†¦are heads down and digging deep†¦ [but] by mile 60, the Tarahumara were flying† (McDougall, 65). Victoriano, Cerrildo, and Manuel had swiftly crept up and passed all the other runners. In the end, Victoriano came in first, Cerrildo in second, and Manuel came in fifth because of a broken sandal. â€Å"The first non-Tarahumara finisher was nearly a full hour behind Victoriano†¦ [and the Indians] had done serious damage to the record book† (McDougall, 65). Having never trained for or run the Leadville 100 before, the Tarahumara team managed to grab three of the top five spots because of their amazing endurance. Later, in 2008, the Tarahumara participated in another ultra-marathon. However, this race had never been run before, and will never be run again. Put together by a man who calls himself Caballo Blanco, a very good friend of the Tarahumara people, this race took place in Urique, Mexico, heart of the Tarahumara country. The start and finish line was the village of the Urique Tarahumara. Caballo Blanco had â€Å"laid out a diabolical course; [they would] be climbing and descending sixty-five hundred feet in fifty miles† (McDougall, 258) and the entire course had been planned â€Å"in a Y pattern, with the starting line dead in the center† (McDougall, 262). There were a total of 25 participants: 20 Tarahumara, including the legendary Arnulfo and Silvino, and 5 Americans, including Scott Jurek, one of the best ultra-marathoners in the world. When the race started, the Urique group bounded out with a burst of speed to lead the pack. However, it became suspicious when,â€Å"in the space of just four miles, the Urique crew had opened up a four minute lead†¦ [and so] they were disqualified† (McDougall, 262) for cheating. With the Urique out, Silvino and Arnulfo took the lead, with Scott Jurek right on their heels. In the end Arnulfo took the gold, Scott the silver, and Silvino the bronze. The last racer to finish, Christopher McDougall, crossed the finish line 12 hours after the race began, â€Å"meaning that Scott and Arnulfo could have run the course all over again and still have beaten [him]† (McDougall, 273). Most of the Tarahumara who competed finished the race within 6 or 7 hours, again displaying their incredible endurance. When it comes to the test, these Indians sure know how to take the gold. Completely isolated in the Sierra Madre from the rest of the world, these Indians and their abilities were unknown for a very long time. Many people still have never heard of them, but if they did, they would surely be blown away and inspired. The Tarahumara are the best endurance runners out there and completely by accident. Due to the simplicity of their lives, a very healthy diet, and the importance that running has in their lifestyle, the Tarahumara have every right to call themselves the Raramui, or running people. These Indians are an inspiration to me, and probably to many other runners out there. Hopefully one day I can be half as good an athlete as they are. How to cite Tarahumara Indians, Essay examples

Cost control and Efficiency Maximization

Question: Discuss about the Cost control and Efficiency Maximization. Answer: Introduction The labor being the highest variable cost in the management of hotels, the managers strive towards managing the costs of labor struggling to keep them lower with maintaining the profits higher. However, it looks tempting in reducing the cost of the labor while the quality of the service deteriorates because of the low staff present in the hotel with no manager really interested to work with understaffed labor and be penalized for the service offerings to the customers being on the lower standard. The scheduling of labor happens to be complex process. However, in most of the hotels the pen and the paper are still used for this scheduling of the labor (Rutherford, 2007). This requires the access related to advanced forecasting tools and the analytics with the forecast of the demand that forms towards the scheduling of the labor the basis that is based on the better instincts and the outlet manager experience. The demands requirements once understood by the manager they require to translate this knowhow, the knowledge and the information towards the determination relating to the employees consisting with right number that is required to fulfill the demand and also the staff members those can meet these and meet slots. The process in each of these steps happens to be time consuming and complex with mistakes being costly towards the objective of the process. The demand patterns being uncertain, the external influences interrelated with the data that is spread across the various multiple systems hampers the accurate methods of demand forecasting. Thus its important that exact demand forecasting is required for scheduling the rosters of the employees to meet the entire objectives of the organization. Roaster Creation based on industrial relations standards and instruments The creation of the rosters requires the certain principles that are important to keep the managers, the employees and the accountants happy. Roster without names Firstly designing of the roster that does not consist of names but requires allocation based on hours with costing it according to hourly rates of wages. After which the names of people suitable added relating to the differing days and the required shifts. This refers to position rostering than compared with the traditional modes that develops a roster based on the individual request and taking their busy lives into consideration (Thompson, 2009). Roster cost related to writing Though the functions vary the modern services provides to suggest that these reveal the costs with the writing of the roster that helps towards accurate forecasting and controlling the budget. These suggest managers to be provided with tools towards tracking prior to roster being posted as they are responsible for the cost of the labor. The wage budget with reverse working The head or the manger since responsible for the roster requires them to take the hours covered into consideration. They need to maintain the budget with this calculation as this is quite important as the fulfillment with budget provides the reason good enough for bonus. Roster for the Front Office Department Roaster for Front Office Department on 9/11/2016 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Name/ Job role Total Hours weekly Daily Cost Weekly Cost 9/12/2016 9/13/2016 9/14/2016 9/15/2016 9/16/2016 9/17/2016 9/18/2016 A/Front Office Manager 36 hrs $200.00 $1,200.00 (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs B/Receptionist 1 60 hrs $100.00 $600.00 (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs C/Receptionist 2 42 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs D/Staff 1 36 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs E/Staff 2 36 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs F/Staff 3 36 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs This roster is prepared based on the front office department requirements to provide the service to the customers according to the various parameters that are set forth in the roster that includes the Employees with their role function, the budget that is provided with each staff working hours from Monday to Saturday (Hayes et al., 2012). This also takes into account the daily hours, the weekly hours and the cost both the daily and the weekly that will determine the budget regarding the spending of the hotel. The staff suitability and the efficiency are considered during the preparation of the roster since these are required during the various hours of the work to provide the better service level to their customers. This takes care of the forecasting of the demand and the efficiency level that is required towards the discharging of the duties to offer better service and value to customers. Roster for the House Keeping Department Roaster for House keeping Department on 9/11/2016 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Name/ Job Role Total Hours weekly Daily Cost Weekly Cost 9/12/2016 9/13/2016 9/14/2016 9/15/2016 9/16/2016 9/17/2016 9/18/2016 G/House Keeping Manager 36 hrs $200.00 $1,200.00 (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs (08.00 - 14.00) hrs H/Staff 1 60 hrs $80.00 $480.00 (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs I/Staff 2 42 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (18.00 - 24.00) hrs (08.00 - 18.00) hrs J/Staff 3 36 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs (8.00 - 14.00) hrs K/Staff 4 36 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs (14.00 - 20.00) hrs L/Staff 5 36 hrs $80.00 $560.00 (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs (20.00 - 02.00 ) hrs This is similar to the front office roster prepared that keeps the department of housekeeping roster with the functions and the roles of the person responsible for the performing of their duties. This takes into consideration the overall budget with the daily working hours, the weekly working hours, the daily wage and the weekly budget that are important (Jones and Martin, 2005). This is mainly required for the completion of the job and the service to be offered to the customers depending on the level of demand that is existing and the efficiency of service required to meet this demand. Reflection This has provided the learning that the correct demand forecasting related to the need of the efficiency of the service is required. The managers need to manage and control the costs of the labor with the scheduling the appropriate staff levels that requires towards serving the demand. The excess staff increases the cost and the under staffed decreases the revenue and accounts for customers those are dissatisfied (Sheldon, 2006). This requires the approach taking the help of the software that can help with the preparation of this scheduling based on the demand and the need of the hour. This provides building an accurate and the labor schedule that is cost effective with forecasting accurate demand and the correct staffing numbers for meeting the demand. The costs needs to be reduced with increasing revenue that drives profits with the balancing of the labor available and the demand with creating in advance appropriate labor plan that helps to alert when the conditions of operation ch anges. The acceleration of labor schedule process using interfaces easily provides the relevant period labor needs with ability towards analyzing fast and make changes necessary as required. To make hiring better with deployment and the decisions related to service design with the evaluation of root causes that help understand operational data towards those variables that affect the volume of service, the behavior of customer and the performance of the employees(Corgel et al., 2012). The optimization of employee performance with proper monitoring and ranking them to have fast insights regarding the performance of employee against the parameters those are important. Conclusion Therefore, it is important the costs are controlled while efficiency is also achieved requires the proper scheduling of the work force that are neither over staffed or are understaffed based on the demand and the requirements to meet the objectives of the organization. References Broten, P. (1970) Progress in Hotel Research and Development.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly. [Online] 11 (3), 2-3. Corgel, J. et al. (2012) Hotel Industry Demand Curves.The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management. [Online] 20 (1), 85-95. Hayes, D. et al. (2012)Foundations of lodging management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Jones, T. Martin, R. (2005)Professional management of housekeeping operations. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Rutherford, D. (2007)Hotel management and operations. 2nd edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Sheldon, D. (2006)World class master scheduling. Fort Lauderdale, Fla.: J. Ross Pub. Thompson, G. (2009) Labor Scheduling, Part 1: Forecasting Demand.Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly. 44 (5), 22-31.

Advanced English Module B Critical Study Speeches free essay sample

Knees will always remain significant within society and will never become dependent on shaping todays society but be a memory of our past and a reminder of who we are today. Only very few texts still remain today that are highly regarded as being timeless and have the ability to still be understood in todays society. I believe this Is attributed to the underlying significant themes and Ideas such as Justice that will continue to appeal to people and allow them to sympathies with the author disregarding the time period. The themes behind the everlasting texts give the audience to have a universal perception and interpretation that can differ depending on external factors and ways of life. Another Important reason of why I believe these texts have the ability to shape our Interpretations of them are because of the pivotal nature and characteristics that the speeches hold in our past that has developed and crawled into our future. We will write a custom essay sample on Advanced English Module B: Critical Study Speeches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Faith Bandleaders speech entitled Faith, Hope and Recalculation is a text that I perceive to be considered as timeless and still relevant in todays society.Faith Bandleader is a renowned Aboriginal activist who was Instrumental In the 1967 preferred, Born In Tumbling, she was deeply influenced by her father who had experienced life as a slave plantation worker first hand, who died when Faith when Faith was only 5. In 1967 she brought the referendum before the Holt government, and the change to the constitution was duly made after the referendum succeeded with a 91% majority.Candlers purpose is to firstly respond to an invitation from the indigenous people of the Lawyers to speak at the Convention, and secondly to raise issues of reconciliation that can Inspire other like-minded people to act in support of conciliation. Her themes throughout the speech are unity and Justice, not only between Aboriginal people, but all ;decent people who understand the past, the 1 OAF is typified by i nformal expression, ellipsis and pronouns with ambiguous reference. The qualities lend the speech more the quality of a personal conversation that a formal speech transforming it into a part of time that can still be understood today. Bandleader quickly addresses her audience and the reason for the speech. She briefly refers to reconciliation then expands on the idea as she then alludes to three antenatal factors; the slowing of the reconciliation process, the racism uttered in public and the stolen generation. Bandleader uses emotive language to create the sense of an honest and heartfelt tone.Bandleader uses the metaphor of a Journey up a mountain to describe the progress of reform towards reconciliation; lived, breathed, struggled and climbed those ramparts of the rugged past, and when reaching the summit, have seen the ugliness when looking down the disagreeable habits of those who close their eyes to the past. She describes the physical effort of achieving the goal of reconciliation with emotive engage and refers to people against reconciliati on as ignorant and blind. The use of this technique gives the audience a visual understanding or the hardships and battles that have been undertaken to try and reconcile. Bandleader uses this metaphor to push past the unwilling people and subliminally tells her audience to move on, but not forget. Bandleader goes on to describe the great divide between indigenous Australia and white Australia and what must be done in order for the two communities to reconcile. She uses isomorphism through an underlying horse analogy when referring to talk-back audio hosts as a way to generalize the Australian community; talk-back Jockeys lined up against them, and those who are deliberately blinkered and our troubled relationships with them.They are chained in their stubbornness.. The rhetorical technique of terming the opposing side through isomorphism is designed to question the moral value of the opposition. She also uses this technique to deliver an insult to those against reconciliation, in this quote she also directs criticism to those who are keeping their opinions unheard and states you are as troubled as those who do voice their opinions. Faith Bandleader has become very influential within Australias past and its determined future, disregarding all of her attributes this speech still remains significant and enduring.This speech delivers pure notions for peace in the simplest of forms. Through Bandleaders use of sarcasm and her unique portrayal of events she has transformed the speech to have the ability to change others opinions surrounding reconciliation reform. I also believe that because these series of events hit so close to home and were not so long ago have the intended shock value. Poor Egyptian family of Egyptian/Sudanese descent. His political and nationalist ambitions were inflamed by his grandmother who told him stories of Egyptian national resistance to British imperialism during his childhood.Sad became a militant leader who threatened Israel between()-73. He was responsible for the war on Israel which began in October 1973 and ended in a stalemate. The weak financial situation in Egypt at the time precipitated riots. The failure of his military initiative resulted in a change in tactics and Sad became a voice for political negotiation. It was in this context that the Statement to the Knees took place. His visit to Israel was unprecedented for an Egyptian.The purpose of the speech is for Sad, perhaps following his own personal intuition and instincts, or his conscience, to go to Israel to broker a peace settlement, in order to save further massive Israeli and Arab bloodletting from occurring. The speech shares the underlying theme of justice and unity; he expresses these themes through the use of rhetorical questions and religious allusions. Sad introduces his speech with a quote from the Koran; throughout the entire first paragraph he uses numerous religious references and repetition.In the opening two sentences the audience sees the use of repetition when he used the word peace three times to introduce his speechs topic. He then goes on to describe the irony of the situation; wars launched by man to annihilate his fellow man and the outcome of those wars, where the only vanquished remains man The use of irony emphasizes the notion of peace straight away within the speech. It becomes clear to the audience immediately that Sad is praying for peace within these nations and alluding to the idea that war has never been the answer and never ill be the answer if these two countries wish to achieve growth and progression.He uses the general example of man and strongly suggests that we are all the same, we are all gods creatures. Through Sadists entire introduction, he establishes a basis for questions that he will ask through out the text referring to why something that seems as simplistic as peace cannot be achieved. Sadists never ending desire for peace makes him an easy person to relate to today because of how through his speech defines himself as a person that is independent and without hidden motives. Sad goes on to introduce his notions of peace through a question regarding why peace is becoming so difficult to achieve. Let us be frank with each other as we answer this important question: how can we achieve permanent peace based on Justice? The use of this rhetorical question within this context allows Sad to make many fundamental propositions. The question that Sad poses not only forces his primary audience to ponder on the possibilities of a Just world but contemporary audiences impact within Sadists audiences and encourages the speech to be dependent on the homes presented rather than the context it is presented in.Throughout the entirety of the speech Sad makes it inevitably clear that his true desire is that peace between two nations is achieved. This speech has played a pivotal role within the Egypt and Israeli communitys efforts to obtain peace. I believe this is why this speech can still be found relevant today. At a time of confusion and conflict, the cry for peace and Justice can still be found as an exposed underlying theme. I believe that this is why the speech is still apparent within todays society and he core representation of peace being easily obtainable becomes a unimaginable fantasy within peoples minds.Both of these speeches appeal to me and todays society for various reasons; they both appear complex and intricate which indeed they are but they share common themes that can be understood by many people on very different levels. Both of these texts share the underlying themes of peace, I believe that peace is one of the very few things that the world can agree on and all understand that it is a necessary part of life and without we feel lost and insecure.

Introduction To The Italian Renaissance History Essay Example

Introduction To The Italian Renaissance History Essay Example Introduction To The Italian Renaissance History Essay Introduction To The Italian Renaissance History Essay The Italian Renaissance marked an epoch that was to signal the re-birth of many disregarded ideals, but besides the abetment of new values, Torahs and rules. Artists and designers flourished, metropoliss became cognizant of their heritage and history, Restoration and reclamation became of import and valuable ideals. Although every Italian metropolis is said to hold undergone a period of Renaissance, Florence was seen as the representative of the whole. Its ideals and aspirations were so of import and radical that they were to act upon the whole of Italy, and for that affair, the Western universe. Firenze is regarded as the girl of Rome, due to the fact that she had been founded by Roman colonists in 1 BC. However, at assorted points throughout the Renaissance, she surpassed the metropolis of Rome in many respects. Scholars have asserted that her primacy over Rome in the early Renaissance period was chiefly due to her pre-Renaissance success as a trade capital of the West. As a democracy, Florence was far superior than any modern-day Italian metropolis. All dwellers had the right to be involved in political relations ; many partook in some signifier of governmental office. Firenze was get downing a procedure of urban sprawl and of rapid growing, which of course increased the power of authorities within Florence. With its dependent settlements, the Florentines made known their desire to go an independent and self-governed State in Italy ; a construct that was extolled in the 12th Century, and was to be vehemently proposed by the Florentines throughout the Renaissance. Rome, nevertheless, was non sing the prosperity and enlargement that was all excessively evident within Florence. Its temporal power was diminishing quickly, and with the remotion of the Papacy to Avignon, its religious influence was no more than titular ; Rome was in general decay. Although Rome was to eventually excel Florence in footings of Renaissance art, civilization and Restoration, it is obvious that economic, political and cultural differences that were evident instantly before the Renaissance within Rome would hold a profound consequence on the grounds for its abetment. Firenze modelled itself on the ancient ideal of a Roman Republic but besides had recourse to ideals that pertained to a Grecian metropolis, which hence necessitated the debut of ancient political values such as ground, pragmatism and pragmatism. In ancient Greece and Rome the Florentines noted an model ideal ; an ideal that espoused practical policies that gave each citizen autonomy and freedom. Every facet of the Florentine Renaissance was instigated in order to achieve Republican position. Florentines extolled the ideals of democracy, virtuousness and equality and of course aspired to make a province that would idolize such model Torahs. Texts that pertained to the credence and recognition of a Republic were read, rediscovered and translated, and all art, architecture and instruction was instigated in order to foster the Republican ideal. However, in contrast, Rome held the ideal that the Renaissance was chiefly instigated in order to spread out and beef up the Roman Empire. Roman intellectualism was seen to exceed that that was preached in Florence, in the sense that it acclaimed the cryptic yesteryear of Rome, and was hence above and beyond the mere ground and pragmatism that was being extolled by the Florentines. The bulk of Florentines were of course dismayed at Rome s aspirations towards the abetment and Restoration of an Empire, chiefly because of the deficiency of civil autonomies and freedom of address that an Empire induced, and that Caesar had manifested that the ideal of an Empire was merely infeasible. Rome was neer contributing to a Republican clime and made sure that, although many humanists and creative persons had a comparatively big sum of freedom, they were neer allowed to act upon the public universe ; a autonomy that had been taken for granted in Florence. Rome was to be restored to its Imperial impressiveness ; an ideal that was contained in many creative person s work, including that of Bramante. Although the thought of the Restoration of an Empire was an of import aspiration, Rome and the Papacy maintained that this ideal would merely win in the ultimate purpose of reenforcing Rome as the Centre of Christendom. Naturally, this was an facet of the Renaissance that could mer ely be attributed to Rome, and hence distinguishing Rome from the Renaissance in Florence. Julius II focused specifically on the alone and all-enveloping Roman ideal of Renovatio Romae and instantly ascertained the demand to reconstruct the Universal Church by asseverating and adopting Rome as the Centre of the Christian religion. Rome existed unambiguously as the metropolis of antiquity and enigma ; and this built-in enigma and awe was declarative of Christ and St. Peter. Although the metropolis of Rome was so at the head of the Renaissance, its ideals and ideas behind the construct of the Renaissance differed radically from those held by the Florentines. Sixtus IV declared Rome as the capital of Christianity instead than the capital of humanitarianism, and hence accommodated the Restoration of Rome as a Christian capital. The Renaissance in Rome was neer to the full concerned with simply fostering its artistic and cultural domination over the remainder of Italy, instead the Papacy recognised that the Renaissance was concerned with the physical Restoration of the Church in Rome ; i.e. the Restoration of Churches and other apostolic edifices. Although there was widespread apostolic acknowledgment of the advantages of cultural and artistic architecture in fostering the cause of the Church, the instauratio Ecclesias Romae and Renovatio urbis were cardinal subjects evident within the Roman Renaissance ; subjects missing in the Renaissance of the Florentines. It is apparent to see that Rome differed rather well from Florence due to its place within Christendom. Certain Renaissance thoughts may hold emanated from Florence and had an consequence on Rome, but Florence was at an obvious disadvantage. Within Florence, the Restoration and redevelopment of the metropolis was chiefly due to the Florentine s aspirations to be regarded as a Republic ; Cosimo deMedici even ruled, banked and acted as an ancient Roman. Within Rome nevertheless, the Restoration of the metropolis and the administration of its construction was in no respects due to affluent bargainers and moneymans desiring to copy a Grecian metropolis, instead that the monolithic inflow of pilgrims falling on Rome during specially commissioned Jubilee old ages necessitated an advanced metropolis program. The pilgrims hence determined the overall character of the metropolis so the Ponte Sisto was built in order to relieve the constriction that was happening when pilgrims used the narrower Pont SantAngelo. The Renaissance in itself brought approximately many unanticipated and unbelievable transmutations within Italian society, none more noteworthy than the reform of the instruction system. Cities and towns were undergoing a extremist alteration, in that the educated, who were largely clergy, were being ousted by laypersons. Many bookmans and humanists of the Renaissance began to read heathen texts ; Platonic academies were formed ( Ficino 1433-99 ) , and assorted humanists began to laud the virtuousnesss of such ancient masterly bookmans. The Church could no longer decline entree to ancient heathen texts, but was of course concerned as to the effects of such wonder. Indeed, from the wonder and avidity to detect heathen texts came the controversial impression of man whole and complete : Certain Florentines asserted that the virtuousness and beauty of adult male was an terminal in itself. Rome, as the Centre of Christendom, of course had to rebut this position and assert that all Resto rations, finds and beauties of adult male were made in the visible radiation of the glorification of God. Although this ideal was neer expressed significantly throughout Florence, humanists such as Alberti besides focused on the demand for wealth and ownerships and maintained that beauty and art were in themselves the ultimate end of being. Last, with respect to the differences between the Florentine and Roman Renaissance, it is of import to observe that creative persons and humanists in Rome, although complaining of the restrictions of the proposed Empire, were really limited to a greater extent by a city-state such as Florence. In Rome, the chances of an urban capital were far greater than those of an independent metropolis. To a certain extent Rome was less prone to disturbance by external and internal political and societal events that might prematurely hold the activity of the Renaissance ; whereas Florence was to the full exposed to the Spanish and Gallic invasions, and the Medici rise to power. Such breaks merely served to control the procedure of the Florentine Renaissance, whereas in Rome, the procedure of Restoration and reclamation was in full advancement. Due to the deficiency of ill-timed breaks, the changeless inflow of Florentine creative persons and the augmented procedure of urban Restoration, Rome was eventually seen as the Renaissance capital of Italy ; and eventually surpassed its girl, the failed Republic of Florence.

Unemployment in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Unemployment in Canada - Essay Example The Interwar period is being understood in the Western culture to be the period between the end of the World War I and the beginning of the World War II in Europe, specifically it was from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939. Since it was the most serious crisis in the Canada's history, thus this paper will examine the reasons which cause such horrible outcome, criticize the present situation and have a better understanding in unemployment for prevention.After the elaboration of the unemployment issue, one could say that such horrible events shouldn't happen in the future as one learns from previous evidence.During the interwar period, highest unemployment rate in Canada reached roughly around twenty-five percent. Yet, that is not suggesting one to ignore the issues but rather focus on the better understanding of the past thus encourages others to raise more possible solutions to improve our society. Perhaps the Interwar period unemployment could not be treated as current events due to the unexpected crisis; still such unexpected crisis is seldom happening. Hence, prevention and preparation of possible crisis is often necessary.During the first years of World War I unemployment was high during 1914-1915 wherein many Canadians enlisted in the army to avoid the bleak effects of families suffering through hardships of lack of employment; but, by 1916 the "booming wartime industrial and agricultural economies combined to provide Canadians with other options and employers competed with recruiting officers for Canada's available manpower. The returning soldiers not only came back to few jobs in 1918, but, also returned to Canada with them a new disease which killed as many people as it did during the war. As Canada moved from wartime to peacetime and soldiers vying for jobs, another crisis emerged which was termed "One Big Union" that was formed in 1919. This concept was that all workers should be organized inside one large union entity. This focus on union organization was the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 wherein striking workers, many of them returning soldiers that would find very few opportunities but yet many companies would experience surging profits from wartime contracts. This lack of employment found in the aftermath of World War I would find many of the returning soldiers and the public in general in an imbalance of power in favour of the elite and wealthy individuals who would profit immensely from the war effort, but, would find themselves in the middle of a power struggle between truth and fiction. As society fought for their rights of fair employment standards, the period that would be considered by many as the fall of the powerful few of their day, would find the country suffering even more hardships as they entered the Great Depression. Great Depression among North America Perhaps the hardest hit economy in western culture was Canada's. The Canadian economy would find that they were not only the hardest hit, but, also the slowest to recover which did not occur until the beginning of the Second World War. Unlike the United States, the boom period between 1900 and 1929 found Canada as the world's fastest growing economy with only a brief and sharp recession occurring at the end of World War I. The economy would also find an increase occurring in housing starts until May, 1929. Through the collapse of commodity prices in the United States in October, 1929 and the massive stock crash of Black Tuesday and as both the United States and Canada share economic links through gold standards, the collapse of the United States economy affected Canada as well. The prairie provinces were not the only affected areas of Canada, as both Ontario and Quebec would now face immense problems in the manufacturing district as massive lay-offs would occur and over production by industrial companies would collapse into bankruptcy. Although this collapse

SUMMARY OF THE TICKING BOMB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SUMMARY OF THE TICKING BOMB - Assignment Example Wade further argues that America and the West concentrate much on budgeting on defense that surpasses even such economies like Australia’s having a massive population of 1.3 billion. The population lives on less than a dollar a day (Grabb, Edward & Neil, 11). America supports a culture that neglects community and family, but holds high and celebrates its culture. America has misunderstood that globally, people value their communities since their fate remain attached to the communal destiny. The tragedy of 9/11 rendered America’s culture archaic as Americans had continually distanced themselves from the rest of the world by that, not being aware of what happens beyond their borders. As a result, neglect of others gives rise to terrorism acts led by movements established by people such as Osama bin Laden. Such actions are based on who has and who lacks as the poor can easily be ejected. Wade encourages Americans to give their culture a second thought and develop values that are not questionable to the rest of the world. The development model should not be by people but should reflect the improvement in the people’s standard of living. Americans must realize the value of recognizing their ancestral cultures in case they go to school to eliminate illiteracy among them (Grabb, Edward & Neil, 15). In as much as people should embrace new technologies emanating from images of wealth and comfort, they should not neglect the traditional ways of caring for one another, which contrary comes with disappointments. Additionally, Wade argues that ideologies that are extreme emerge when cultures and people are not entangled Thus, to conclude, strange beliefs that are not

Capital Punishment On Drug Trafficking Criminology Essay

Capital Punishment On Drug Trafficking Criminology Essay With the capital punishment being carried out by China, issues on how it will affect the relations between the Philippines and China emerged. Moreover, there are calls of international organizations such as Amnesty International, International Harm Reduction Association and United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) to abolish death penalty for drug offences. As reiterated by Lines (2007), drug related crimes are not considered as most serious crimes in the International Human Rights Law, therefore, it should not be punishable by capital punishment. The study intends to analyze how capital punishment of OFWs affected the bilateral relations between the Philippines and China and how it violates the International Human Rights Law. Moreover, the study is to assess the policies, treaties and agreements made and signed between the Philippines and China in relation to capital punishment on OFWs. In addition, the study aims to examine why clemency was not granted by China to the OFWs on death row despite of the Philippines appeals and to analyze the effects to the political, economic and social factors between the two countries. Furthermore, the study will contribute to policy developments appropriate for the resolution of the problem. It is significant to engage in this topic for lessening, if not, preventing OFWs from being involved in future drug trafficking cases through the study of Chinese laws governing the execution of capital punishment to foreign drug traffickers. Theoretical Framework of the Study The paper attempts to define a deterrence theory of punishment framework by Cesare Beccaria (1764) and revised by Anthony Ellis (2004) for discussing the issue on capital punishment to overseas Filipino workers in China that are involved in drug related crimes in which within this paper, a better understanding will be cultivated in analyzing the existence of capital punishment on drug related crimes. Under this framework, it could be established that there are negative effects in the outlook of other nations towars countries that are still executing capital punishments. This framework would help justify the reasons why such punishments was formed and implemented. The theory discusses on the different ideas as to why these kind of punishments is being implemented in some states and one of the reasons is that it assumes that those crimes made needs equal sufferings in return and that of which is argued by Ellis that is not morally plausible. Ellis also argued that the deterrence theory is about a concept that crime gives some pleasure and because of that, there is a need for punishment in order to prevent individuals from committing criminal acts again. This theory also justifies the reason of those countries that has capital punishment in a way that criminals should be given heavier punishments like death penalty if the committed crime was grave and detrimental to the state and safety of the public. The deterrence theory of punishment could be defined in which it is the undertaking of punishments of those people who violated a law so that the crime committed will not be done again. In that context alone, it could be understood that deterrence is created to set limitations for people not to abuse its liberties and that is why countries like China who has capital punishment believes in making things right if it will teach law offenders, such as drug traffickers a lesson and to those who has intentions in doing crimes such as drug trafficking will fear of doing such act due to the punishment being given. 2.0 Review of Literature The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is one of the countries in the world that performed the most executions of capital punishment on drug trafficking cases (Amnesty International Death Penalty Statistics, 2011). This statement is also supported by Hays (2008) by explaining how the PRC has executed many people already compared to other countries altogether. The PRC is categorized as an iron fist country that implements the laws equally towards its people, including foreign nationals (Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China, 1997). Drug trafficking is considered as a serious crime and is subjected to capital punishment (Guiang, 2012). It is characterized as an act which involves the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances, which are subject to drug prohibition laws (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC], 2012). According to Bi (2012), there are different factors that need to be considered before the verdict of capital punishment could be decided. The one responsible for the decision and approval of capital punishment cases is given to the Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China, which is the highest judicial court in the country (The Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China, 2009). It is guided by the Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China (1997), which serves as the basis of crimes and the corresponding penalties, wherein it classifies drug trafficking as a crime deemed punishable by capital punishment. The Chinese Government believes that by executing drug traffickers, it would discourage others from committing the same crime, which they termed as the Strike Hard anti-crime campaign (Hays, 2008). At first, drug trafficking cases are not directly subjected to capital punishment, but due to the uniqueness of the Chinese legislation, the possibility of having a verdict of capital punishment becomes higher (Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China 1997). Bi (2012) reiterated that the Chinese legislation has two specific elements, it uses a quantitative model as a basis on estimating the seriousness of the drug trafficking case, and that if the drug trafficker who is caught is a repeated offender; as a result, there is a great chance for the Supreme Peoples Court to approve an execution contributed by previous minor cases, since offenses and penalties are being calculated cumulatively. The step-by-step processes that a drug trafficker go through before an execution, is provided under the Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) of the Peoples Republic of China, which is being handled by the procuratorate, an agency that is tasked to prosecute criminal cases (National Bureau of Corruption Prevention of China, 2009). In accordance with Belkin (2000), there are seven procedures to be observed under the CPL, which are the following: (1) Preliminary Investigation, under articles 84 and 85, the police and the procurate would take actions on a suspected drug trafficker; (2) Filing a Case, the police or the procurator would bring up a case against the drug trafficker that would declare that a crime is officially made; (3) Compelled Appearance, it requires the suspect to present himself to the police station for further questioning; (4) Detention, the part where the suspect is being arrested; (5)Formal Arrest, where the suspect is being held under custody which usually takes about two months or more; (6) Trial Procedures, a process involving three decision makers and the part where the evidences are presented to prove that the suspect is indeed guilty of drug trafficking, and lastly; (7) Sentencing, it is when the court would announce its verdict. It takes about two years a nd beyond for the whole process to be concluded and once the verdict has been made, the sentencing of capital punishment is then given; there is only one way of execution for foreign drug traffickers which is through lethal injection (Lu, 2008). Though, it usually results a verdict of capital punishment if the drug trafficker illegally possesses more than one kilogram of narcotic drugs (Hays, 2008). The Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China (2002) has reformed the capital punishment by conceptualizing distinctive features within the system. It stipulates that minors below 18 years old and pregnant women are automatically exempted from being executed (Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China, 1997). Lu (2008) explained that in the Chinese context, minors are exempted because their intellectual, mental and psychological capacity is not yet fully developed; as a result, minors are unaware of their actions. The capital punishment with a two-year reprieve of execution is one of the unique aspects within the capital punishment system of the Peoples Republic of China (Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China, 1997). Under Section 5, Article 48 of the Criminal Law of the Peoples Republic of China (1997), it states that there is a possibility of having a two-year reprieve for capital punishment on cases which needs not be punished immediately. Wang (2011) explained that the rationality behind this is for the reduction in use of the death penalty, cautious application of the death penalty, and tempering justice with mercy. It is because in the past years, the growing number of people sentenced with capital punishment has become alarming, and with this, the Chinese Government hopes that the imposition of the two-year reprieve would bring a decline to the number of cases (The Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China, 2002). According to Wang (2011), if the person observes goo d behavior during the two-year reprieve, there is a chance that his punishment would be reduced into life imprisonment. It also serves as a period where drug traffickers are subjected into forced labor, as a way of reforming them (Belkin 2000). The bilateral relations of the Philippines and China are weakened with the executions of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) who were convicted of drug trafficking. Since 2011, China executed four OFWs with drug trafficking cases namely: Ramon Credo, Sally Villanueva and Elizabeth Batain in March 2011, and an unnamed 35-year old Filipino in December 2011 (Santos, 2011). It is reiterated by the Presidential Communications Operations Office [PCOO] (2011) that China carried out the execution despite of the Philippines appeal for clemency to commute capital punishment to life imprisonment. Clemency cannot be granted to the Filipinos on the death row because of the strict implementation of the Chinese laws. According to Guiang (2012), once a verdict of the Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China [SPA] has been made, pleads of the Philippine government will no longer change the decision. Philippine Vice President Jejomar Binay went to China on March 2011 to appeal for clemency to the three OFWs who were on the death row (PCOO, 2011). As stated by PIA (2011), in view with the diplomatic relations with the Philippines and in accordance to the Chinese laws, Chinese officials granted the postponement of the execution of the three OFWs to a month, from February to March. The Philippines appreciated the postponement of the execution and fully respected the final verdict of the SPA (PCOO, 2011). The execution of capital punishment to the four OFWs did not cause strains to bilateral relations, as reiterated by both countries. This argument is proved by the Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines [OGRP] (2011) that the executions of the OFWs produced stronger bilateral relations between China and the Philippines through the Joint Statement of both countries which aimed to promote and strengthen political cooperation between the two countries. In the political aspect, both countries advocated in combating transnational crimes, including drug trafficking, protection of nationals, negotiations for a treaty in relation to mutual legal assistance in criminal matters and transfer of sentenced persons are made, as reiterated by OGRP (2011). Moreover, a memorandum of understanding between the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) of the Philippines and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of China is signed to strengthen political cooperation between the two countries to pr event OFWs from being involved in future drug trafficking incidents (OGRP, 2011). The Capital punishment is considered a violation to the International Human Rights Law. The Capital punishment or popularly known as death penalty in China to drug offenders has been a great concern for the international community because it violates the International Human Rights Law and the most fundamental law which is the Right to life (Lines, 2007). There are three major international organizations that protects human rights because of Chinas procedure on execution and sentencing and making the death rate of executions a state secret and that is why organizations such as Amnesty International, International Harm Reduction Association and the United Nations are fighting to abolish it. According to the International Human Rights Law drug offenses is not applicable to what they refer as crimes that are punished with death it is only those persons that committed the considered most serious crimes should be given a punishment of death sentence in Article 6 (2). This law was also give n a resolution by the United Nations and that Drug trafficking is not recognized and considered by the International Human Rights Law as one of most serious crimes (Gallahue, 2011). There are major organizations that are taking substantive measures to stop the execution of capital punishment in some countries. The organizations are the United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR), the International Harm Reduction Association (IHRA) and the Amnesty International (Lines, 2007). According to the International Harm Reduction Association (2007), the Chinese government violates the International Human Rights Law which is proved by Lines (2007) in a way that it doesnt consider drug offences a crime that is punishable with death sentence. In Chinas legal system, the law on death penalty on drug traffickers is stated in Article 347 of Chinas Criminal law, they have specific laws on the amount of grams of drugs that was being handled by the foreign national shall subjected to interrogation immediately without having a legal counsel to defend him and only after a certain period of time then he shall have a legal counsel but if the accused foreign national have witness ed that he did carry such drugs then he shall be on trial and sentenced with death penalty (Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China, 2002). Although the Chinese government have its system of investigating the prosecution in the trial, still, the foreign national could not defend himself because of the circumstance that the lawyer is not of which of his choice to defend him, that alone is bias, that fact is discriminating and is therefore a violation to the International Human Rights Law (Gallahue, 2011). The international community, as a whole, does not perceive drug offences as punishable by death sentence. According to Lines (2007) the approach of the countries that follows this practice does give rationale justification that drug offences are indeed punishable by death. It is viewed by China that a drug offences is a grave crime while in the International Human Rights Law, it is only when a crime against the state and a homicide should be considered a crime punishable by death (Bi, 2012). According to the International Harm Reduction Association [IHRC] (2007), there have been disproportionate execution and sentenced foreign nationals when it comes to drug trafficking because of the lack of due process in the procedure of determining if whether or not the assumed criminal is guilty of smuggling drugs or not because of discriminatory laws on drugs with foreign nationals. This is why drug cases in China pertaining to foreign nationals are very alarming to the people who are planning to visit China or work there perhaps (Lines, 2007). A retentionist state like China reasons that they are following this death penalty procedure to safe guard their country from hard drugs and according to the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention that countries that have death penalty punishment to drug trafficking should be abolished because they failed to give an adequate protection on due process (Gallahue, 2011). In Chinese law procedure, in Article 61, which states that those that will be given a punishment will be based upon the nature of the incident of when he was caught with the drugs and the circumstances of whether how harmed the society, But in drug trafficking they do not follow as such, they just determine a drug trafficker when he is caught with the drugs on his bag but they do not consider the other mitigating circumstances on whether it was planted by someone else and this makes it even contradicting to laws they have on their system (Supreme Peoples Court of the Peoples Republic of China, 2002). The Peoples Republic of China argues that executing capital punishment on drug offenders a grave offense and therefore is subject to death penalty. In accordance to this, the Human Rights Committee have also made it clear that in Article 14 which states that, including a right to a fair hearing by an independent tribunal, the presumption of innocence, the minimum guarantees for defense and the right to review by a higher tribunal and also the right to seek pardon on the sentence (International Harm Reduction Association, 2007). However, in Chinas legal system in punishing drug offenders, it is not stated there that they have the right to seek pardon and that alone is a violation in the International Human Rights Law. China as a retentionist argues with the fact that although drug related offences are non-violent crimes, it is still a grave crime because it is heinous, grievous and it destroys their traditional values and with these things it results to social harm (Supreme Peoples Co urt of the Peoples Republic of China, 2002). 3.0 Results and Discussion In 2001, four OFWs were sentenced with capital punishment in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) due to drug trafficking. Ramon Credo, Sally Villanueva and Elizabeth Batain were caught smuggling drugs weighing 1 kilogram in March; meanwhile an unnamed 35-year old Filipino in December was caught with 1.5 kilograms of drugs. With the application of the Chinese Criminal Law, these four OFWs were immediately subjected with capital punishment for illegally possessing more than one kilogram of narcotic drugs. Like any other criminal cases within the PRC, there were set of procedures being observed during the whole process of their trial. The Chinese and the Philippine governments signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on August 31, 2011 and made a Joint Statement on September 01, 2011 to prevent further future drug trafficking incidents that will involve OFWs (The Philippine Embassy in China, 2012). This is pursuance of the commitment of both countries to combat transnational crimes, which includes drug trafficking. Table 1 and 2 shows the data on the Philippine imports performance with the Peoples Republic of China from January to May 2012 and 2011 and the Philippine exports performance of May 2012 and 2011 with the said country. Table 1. Philippine Imports Performance with Peoples Republic of China: January to May 2012 and 2011 (in Million U.S. Dollars) Source: http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/2012/im120503.htm Table 2. Philippine Exports Performance with Peoples Republic of China: May 2012 and 2011 (in Million U.S. Dollars) Source: http://www.census.gov.ph/data/pressrelease/2012/ex1205tx.html The figures presented in Tables 1 and 2 show that there is no decline in the imports and exports between the Philippines and the Peoples Republic of China after the execution of capital punishment for drug trafficking of the three OFWs. Instead, the trade between the two countries strengthened as imports and exports increased. Table 3 presents the data on the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) Cash Remittances from the Peoples Republic of China on January to June 2012 and 2011. Table 3. Overseas Filipino Workers Cash Remittances January to June 2012 and 2011 (Landbased and Seabased) (in Thousand U.S. Dollars) Source: http://www.bsp.gov.ph/statistics/keystat/ofw.htm The data presented in Table 3 shows that there is no drop in the in the cash remittances sent by OFWs from China to the Philippines despite of the execution of the three OFWs in March. Instead, the cash remittances flow from China to the Philippines grew stronger in January to June 2012. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) [2012] that promulgated the International Human Rights law have strongly disprove on the capital punishment issues on some countries that are executing individuals that have committed crimes that are not considered as most serious crimes (UDHR, 2012). As all other human rights, the right to life is the first and foremost core value of the UDHR and that is what the Peoples Republic of China violated (Nowak, 2005). It does not only protect individuals against arbitrary interference by Government agents, but also obliges States to take positive measures in order to provide protection from arbitrary killings, enforced disappearances and similar violent acts committed by paramilitary forces, organized crime or any private individual (Nowak, 2005). Under the laws of the UDHR, the countries that have capital punishments should follow fair trial to give the accused person the opportunity to defend himself. States must therefore outlaw such act s as crimes, and must implement appropriate legislation (UDHR, 2012) According to the Article 5 of UDHR No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. The moment that the declare to a person that he/she will be subjected to capital punishment such as death penalty through lethal injection is already a mental torture to a person. It is already causing mental pain for a person to have the agony of waiting for the time he/she will be killed (UDHR, 2012) A punishment such as lethal injection to foreign drug offenders in the Peoples Republic of China can be considered already as cruel punishment because it is killing of another individual and therefore it is inhume and a degrading punishment. (UNCHR, 2012) The International Covenant Commission on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) [2007] is the covenant made by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights with regards to the protection of the individual rights of a person such as the Right to Life. According to Article 7 of CCPR No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his free consent to medical or scientific experimentation. The UDHR and the CCPR clearly has the same position with cruel punishments. The CCPR also is strongly fighting for its abolition. In Article 6 of CCPR, it stated Nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition of capital punishment by any State Party to the present Covenant. Prior to this law, there are still retentionist countries that are passive to what these International Laws are advocating (CCPR, 2007). Moreover, since retentionist countries still do what they have practiced, the international law provides for procedural requirements applicable to all death penalty cases: fair trial guarantees, the possibility of appeal to a higher court, and clemency (Nowak, 2005). According to Article 6 (4) of CCPR, amnesty, pardon or commutation of a death sentence may be granted at all times. Clemency may postpone or set aside a death sentence for instance, by commuting it to life imprisonment and can be used to make up for errors, mitigate a harsh punishment or compensate for any criminal law provisions that may dis- allow consideration of relevant factors. The right of any death convict to seek clemency is clearly affirmed in international human rights law. However, the Peoples Republic of China rarely grants clemency to drug offenders in their country, they have a strong stand point in their laws on drug related crimes (Nowak, 2005). According to CCPR, the death penalty should constitute exceptional punishment, always meted out in accordance with the principle of proportionality. Article 6 of CCPR refers to the most serious crimes and, under the Safeguards, the definition of the most serious crimes punishable by death should not go beyond intentional crimes, with lethal or other extremely grave consequences. But this is not being applied to the Peoples Republic of China because they are executing death penalty on foreign drug offenders caught in their state (Nowak, 2005).